{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:53:05Z","timestamp":1772157185067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT-2016-0472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2016-0472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIO 13320150100014CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIO 13320150100014CO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009483","name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID UTN4402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID UTN4402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE funded by national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UID\/EQU\/00511\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EQU\/00511\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions\u20142\u20138 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 \u00b0C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9080690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1565867460000},"page":"690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6683-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez Faba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CITeQ-UTN-CONICET, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Nacional, Facultad Regional C\u00f3rdoba, Maestro L\u00f3pez esq. Cruz Roja, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Gabriel O.","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITeQ-UTN-CONICET, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Nacional, Facultad Regional C\u00f3rdoba, Maestro L\u00f3pez esq. Cruz Roja, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Metal\u00fargica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Griselda A.","family":"Eimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITeQ-UTN-CONICET, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Nacional, Facultad Regional C\u00f3rdoba, Maestro L\u00f3pez esq. Cruz Roja, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luque, R., Campelo, J., and Clark, J.H. (2011). Introduction: An overview of biofuels and production technologies. Handbook of Biofuels Production, Woodhead Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857090492"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019, January 24). Argentina se Consolida Como L\u00edder en Energ\u00edas Renovables. Available online: http:\/\/www.albardonbio.com\/novedades\/argentina-se-consolida-como-lider-en-energias-renovables."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.05.065","article-title":"Jatropha curcas as a renewable source for bio-fuels\u2014A review","volume":"26","author":"Meher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Sigaudo, D., and Terre, E. 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