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Its mass production is mostly performed by the anthraquinone (AQ) oxidation reaction, leading to high energy consumption and significant generation of wastes. Other methods of synthesis found in the literature include the direct synthesis from oxygen and hydrogen. However, this H2O2 production process is prone to explosion hazard or undesirable by\u2011product generation. With the growing demand of H2O2, the development of cleaner and economically viable processes has been under intense investigation. Heterogeneous photocatalysis for H2O2 production has appeared as a promising alternative since it requires only an optical semiconductor, water, oxygen, and ideally solar light irradiation. Moreover, employing a metal-free semiconductor minimizes possible toxicity consequences and reinforces the sustainability of the process. The most studied metal\u2011free catalyst employed for H2O2 production is polymeric carbon nitride (CN). Several chemical and physical modifications over CN have been investigated together with the assessment of different sacrificial agents and light sources. This review shows the recent developments on CN materials design for enhancing the synthesis of H2O2, along with the proposed mechanisms of H2O2 production. Finally, the direct in situ generation of H2O2, when dealing with the photocatalytic synthesis of added-value organic compounds and water treatment, is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9120990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Recent Strategies for Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Metal-Free Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Torres-Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6531-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim L.","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"M. T. Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Hydrogen Peroxide","volume":"Volume 14","author":"Hess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2008.07.043","article-title":"Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen: An overview of recent developments in the process","volume":"350","author":"Samanta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. 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