{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:01:40Z","timestamp":1772971300660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiovascular disease that is caused by the progressive occlusion of the distal pulmonary arteries, eventually leading to right heart failure and death. Almost 40% of patients with PAH are iron deficient. Although widely studied, the mechanisms linking between PAH and iron deficiency remain unclear. Here we review the mechanisms regulating iron homeostasis and the preclinical and clinical data available on iron deficiency in PAH. Then we discuss the potential implications of iron deficiency on the development and management of PAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T12:40:16Z","timestamp":1614084016000},"page":"477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Iron Deficiency in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Deep Dive into the Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marceau","family":"Quatredeniers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3616-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mendes-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular R&amp;D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Santos-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1060 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Morad K.","family":"Nakhleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]},{"given":"Maria-Rosa","family":"Ghigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6341-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Cohen-Kaminsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7730-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Perros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, F-92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1201534","article-title":"Measuring the Global Burden of Disease","volume":"369","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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