{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T03:12:35Z","timestamp":1774321955224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The NRF2\u2013KEAP1 system is a fundamental component of the cellular response that controls a great variety of transcriptional targets that are mainly involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and multiple cytoprotective mechanisms that confer adaptation to the stress conditions. The pleiotropic response orchestrated by NRF2 is particularly relevant in the context of oncogenic activation, wherein this transcription factor acts as a key driver of tumor progression and cancer cells\u2019 resistance to treatment. For this reason, NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer cells, stimulating extensive research aimed at the identification of natural, as well as chemical, NRF2 inhibitors. Excitingly, the influence of NRF2 on cancer cells\u2019 biology extends far beyond its mere antioxidant function and rather encompasses a functional crosstalk with the mitochondrial network that can influence crucial aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitophagy. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the reciprocal interrelation between NRF2 and mitochondria, with a focus on malignant tumors and cancer stem cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"2401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["NRF2 and Mitochondrial Function in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Panieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology \u201cVittorio Erspamer\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7426-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2783-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo J. M.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7382-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Cunha-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Saso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology \u201cVittorio Erspamer\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.16.7130-7139.2004","article-title":"Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 functions as an adaptor for Cul3-based E3 ligase to regulate proteasomal degradation of Nrf2","volume":"24","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. 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