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Generating valid and effective animal models of depression is critical and has been challenging for neuroscience researchers. For preclinical studies, models based on stress exposure, such as unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS), are amongst the most reliable and used, despite presenting concerns related to the standardization of protocols and time consumption for operators. To overcome these issues, we developed an automated system to expose rodents to a standard uCMS protocol. Here, we compared manual (uCMS) and automated (auCMS) stress-exposure protocols. The data shows that the impact of the uCMS exposure by both methods was similar in terms of behavioral (cognition, mood, and anxiety) and physiological (cell proliferation and endocrine variations) measurements. Given the advantages of time and standardization, this automated method represents a step forward in this field of preclinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T02:57:11Z","timestamp":1674183431000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["StressMatic: A Novel Automated System to Induce Depressive- and Anxiety-like Phenotype in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0442-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Martins-Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Mateus-Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9038-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Marketing and International Business, University of Vienna, Oskar Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"2Ai\u2014School of Technology, IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"},{"name":"LASI\u2014Associate Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo D.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana S.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6159-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Silveira-Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8712-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno D.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana J.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8755-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"2Ai\u2014School of Technology, IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7724-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Bn\u2019ML\u2014Behavioral & Molecular Lab, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003336","article-title":"Socio-Economic Variations in the Mental Health Treatment Gap for People with Anxiety, Mood, and Substance Use Disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys","volume":"48","author":"Alonso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. 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The Rapid Restorative Action of Ketamine","volume":"10","author":"Tornese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, S., Donovan, M.H., Ross, M.N., Richardson, D.R., Reister, R., Farnbauch, L.A., Fischer, S.J., Riethmacher, D., Gershenfeld, H.K., and Lagace, D.C. (2016). Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depressive-like Phenotype Associated with Transient Reduction in Neurogenesis in Adult Nestin-CreERT2\/Diphtheria Toxin Fragment A Transgenic Mice. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147256"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00150","article-title":"Chronic Hippocampal Abnormalities and Blunted HPA Axis in an Animal Model of Repeated Unpredictable Stress","volume":"12","author":"Algamal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herman, J.P. (2010). 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