{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:01:45Z","timestamp":1773792105586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["2022.09032.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09032.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE","award":["2022.09032.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09032.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-024325"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanomaterials offer a broad spectrum of applications in biomedicine. The shapes of gold nanoparticles could modulate tumor cell behavior. Spherical (AuNPsp), stars (AuNPst) and rods (AuNPr) shapes of polyethylene glycol coated-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-PEG) were synthesized. Metabolic activity, cellular proliferation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured and the impact of AuNPs-PEG in metabolic enzymes function was evaluated by RT-qPCR in PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. All AuNPs were internalized, and the different morphologies of AuNPs showed to be an essential modulator of metabolic activity. For PC3 and DU145, the metabolic activity of AuNPs was found to rank in the following order from lowest to highest: AuNPsp-PEG, AuNPst-PEG, and AuNPr-PEG. Regarding LNCaP cells, the AuNPst-PEG were less toxic, followed by AuNPsp-PEG and AuNPr-PEG, but it seems not to be dose-dependent. The proliferation was lower in AuNPr-PEG in PC3 and DU145 cells but was stimulated around 10% in most conditions (0.001\u20130.1 mM) in LNCaP cells (not statistically significant). For 1 mM, LNCaP cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation only for AuNPr-PEG. The outcomes of the current study demonstrated that different AuNPs conformations influence cell behavior, and the correct size and shape must be chosen considering its final application in the field of nanomedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T04:22:28Z","timestamp":1677730948000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabolic Disruption of Gold Nanospheres, Nanostars and Nanorods in Human Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMark@ISEP\/CEB, Center of Biological Engineering of Minho University, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) & Hosptal Escola Fernando Pessoa (HEFP), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 P.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9936-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Goreti","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMark@ISEP\/CEB, Center of Biological Engineering of Minho University, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomark@UC\/CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Correa-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 36310 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana G.","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto\u2014IPATIMUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) & Hosptal Escola Fernando Pessoa (HEFP), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1736240","article-title":"Advanced in developmental organic and 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