{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:03:55Z","timestamp":1777507435826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["2021.07854.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07854.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia within the scope of the Promove Program","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia within the scope of the Promove Program","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia within the scope of the Promove Program","award":["2021.07854.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07854.BD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.07854.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07854.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review aims to gather evidence on the mechanisms triggered by diverse preconditioning strategies for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their impact on their potential to treat ischemic and traumatic injuries affecting the nervous system. The 52 studies included in this review report nine different types of preconditioning, namely, manipulation of oxygen pressure, exposure to chemical substances, lesion mediators or inflammatory factors, usage of ultrasound, magnetic fields or biomechanical forces, and culture in scaffolds or 3D cultures. All these preconditioning strategies were reported to interfere with cellular pathways that influence MSCs\u2019 survival and migration, alter MSCs\u2019 phenotype, and modulate the secretome and proteome of these cells, among others. The effects on MSCs\u2019 phenotype and characteristics influenced MSCs\u2019 performance in models of injury, namely by increasing the homing and integration of the cells in the lesioned area and inducing the secretion of growth factors and cytokines. The administration of preconditioned MSCs promoted tissue regeneration, reduced neuroinflammation, and increased angiogenesis and myelinization in rodent models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. These effects were also translated into improved cognitive and motor functions, suggesting an increased therapeutic potential of MSCs after preconditioning. Importantly, none of the studies reported adverse effects or less therapeutic potential with these strategies. Overall, we can conclude that all the preconditioning strategies included in this review can stimulate pathways that relate to the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Thus, it would be interesting to explore whether combining different preconditioning strategies can further boost the reparative effects of MSCs, solving some limitations of MSCs\u2019 therapy, namely donor-associated variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13100845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T09:30:03Z","timestamp":1715851803000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Preconditioning of MSCs for Acute Neurological Conditions: From Cellular to Functional Impact\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Serrenho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0590-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana Alves","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7942-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2019.v109i8b.14009","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders","volume":"109","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. 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