{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:33:28Z","timestamp":1773380008283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":310,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exploitation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biological model for the investigation of complex molecular processes conserved in multicellular organisms, such as humans, has allowed fundamental biological discoveries. When comparing yeast and human proteins, it is clear that both amino acid sequences and protein functions are often very well conserved. One example of the high degree of conservation between human and yeast proteins is highlighted by the members of the RAS family. Indeed, the study of the signaling pathways regulated by RAS in yeast cells led to the discovery of properties that were often found interchangeable with RAS proto-oncogenes in human pathways, and vice versa. In this work, we performed an updated critical literature review on human and yeast RAS pathways, specifically highlighting the similarities and differences between them. Moreover, we emphasized the contribution of studying yeast RAS pathways for the understanding of human RAS and how this model organism can contribute to unveil the roles of RAS oncoproteins in the regulation of mechanisms important in the tumorigenic process, like autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7020014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model for Understanding RAS Proteins and their Role in Human Tumorigenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cazzanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2608-6511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0404-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua J\u00falio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua J\u00falio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Dias Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua J\u00falio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"C\u00f4rte-Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0724-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e2ndida","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Preto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.130765","article-title":"Yeast: An experimental organism for 21st Century biology","volume":"189","author":"Botstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108872","article-title":"Cell 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