{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:33:36Z","timestamp":1773797616394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HOX genes are commonly known for their role in embryonic development, defining the positional identity of most structures along the anterior\u2013posterior axis. In postembryonic life, HOX gene aberrant expression can affect several processes involved in tumorigenesis such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Epigenetic modifications are implicated in gene expression deregulation, and it is accepted that methylation events affecting HOX gene expression play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. In fact, specific methylation profiles in the HOX gene sequence or in HOX-associated histones are recognized as potential biomarkers in several cancers, helping in the prediction of disease outcomes and adding information for decisions regarding the patient\u2019s treatment. The methylation of some HOX genes can be associated with chemotherapy resistance, and its identification may suggest the use of other treatment options. The use of epigenetic drugs affecting generalized or specific DNA methylation profiles, an approach that now deserves much attention, seems likely to be a promising weapon in cancer therapy in the near future. In this review, we summarize these topics, focusing particularly on how the regulation of epigenetic processes may be used in cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T09:49:11Z","timestamp":1594028951000},"page":"1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Methylation in HOX Clusters and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0362-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Pa\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Bio: Bioindustries, Biorefineries and Bioproducts, BLC3 Association\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, 3405-169 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Simone Aparecida","family":"de Bessa Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S\u2014Institute for Innovation &amp; Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0123-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S\u2014Institute for Innovation &amp; Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2007.01.004","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic alterations as biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"1","author":"Herceg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. 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