{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:28:30Z","timestamp":1760236110110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ceramics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, Zn2+-doped TiO2:WO3 nanostructured films, with different doping levels, were produced by electrospinning followed by sintering, and tested as potential materials for relative humidity (RH) detection. The materials microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical characterization was performed by electrical impedance spectroscopy in the range of 400 HZ\u201340 MHZ, at 20 \u00b0C. The sensors\u2019 sensitivity to moisture was evaluated from the impedance variations in response to changes in RH (10\u2013100%). The analyses confirmed the interaction of water molecules with the oxides surface, and showed that zinc atoms were incorporated into the titanium vacancies in the crystal lattice. All the studied sensors showed a p- to n-type conduction transition taking place at around 40% RH. The nanocomposite with 2 wt% of dopant presented the best sensitivity to moisture, with an impedance variation of about 1 order of magnitude. The results are discussed in relation to the microstructure and fabrication route.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ceramics4040041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T23:30:11Z","timestamp":1634859011000},"page":"576-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Zn2+-Doped TiO2:WO3 Films Prepared by Electrospinning and Sintering: Microstructural Characterization and Electrical Signature to Moisture Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Georgenes M. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Sert\u00e3o Pernambucano, Petrolina 56314-520, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Victor N. S.","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Michel F. G.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Faia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE\u2014Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evando S.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7881","DOI":"10.3390\/s140507881","article-title":"Humidity sensors principle, mechanism, and fabrication technologies: A comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Farahani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2803018","article-title":"Low Cost Humidity Sensor Based on PANI\/PEDOT:PSS Printed on Paper","volume":"18","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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