{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T04:33:38Z","timestamp":1769920418860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26-201.476\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26-201.476\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26-202.997\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26-202.997\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03393\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03393\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ceramics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main goal of this work was to obtain dense Al2O3\u2013Y3Al5O12 ceramic composites by reactive sintering of three-dimensional samples, built by direct ink writing from a paste containing a mixture of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. To obtain a ceramic ink with proper rheological properties for extrusion-based printing, highly pure Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders in a percentage\u2013weight ratio of 64:36 was mixed with 0.2 wt% MgO in a total solid loading of 42 vol% in aqueous media, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethyleneimine solution as additives. The dried printed samples were sintered at final temperatures in the range of 1550 \u00b0C and 1650 \u00b0C; thus, relative densities of 83.7 \u00b1 0.8%, 95.4 \u00b1 0.4%, and 96.5 \u00b1 0.5% were obtained for 1550 \u00b0C, 1600 \u00b0C, and 1650 \u00b0C, respectively. Rietveld refinement performed on the X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the presence of Al2O3 (42 to 47%) and Y3Al15O12 (58 to 61%) as crystalline phases, while micrographs showed the presence of equiaxial micrometric grains with average sizes of 1.8 \u00b1 0.6 \u03bcm, for both phases and all sintering conditions. Samples sintered at 1600 \u00b0C and 1650 \u00b0C presented similar average Vickers hardness values of 14.2 \u00b1 0.27 GPa and 14.5 \u00b1 0.25 GPa, respectively. A slight increase in fracture toughness as sintering temperature increases was also stated, consistent with the densification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ceramics5010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1640254578000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reactive Sintering of Al2O3\u2013Y3Al5O12 Ceramic Composites Obtained by Direct Ink Writing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudinei","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Materials and Processes Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Rio de Janeiro State University, FAT-LMP\/UERJ, Resende 27537-000, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Olhero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00f6rre, E., and Hubner, H. 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