{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:11:31Z","timestamp":1773875491332,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ceramics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coal combustion in power plants for electric power generation produces millions of tons of residues that are generally disposed of in landfills or ponds occupying vast land, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Fly ash (FA) is one of the main solid wastes generated in coal-based thermal power plants, representing the largest fraction of coal combustion residues (65\u201395%). Unfortunately, the enormous amount of FA residue is utilized only partly, mainly in the cement industry and building materials field. An alternative approach to using FA is its incorporation into ceramic, glass and glass\u2013ceramic production, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing the environmental footprint of both the energy and ceramic sectors. In this review article, the topics of the composition, properties, classification, and utilization of fly ashes from thermal power plants are discussed. The main objective of this work is a critical analysis of the experimental trials directed to the involvement of FA as a raw material in the fabrication of glass\u2013ceramics and porous ceramic composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ceramics7030066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T18:04:59Z","timestamp":1722535499000},"page":"1014-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Synthesis of Bulk-Nucleated Glass\u2013Ceramics and Porous Glass\u2013Ceramic Composites through Utilization of Fly Ashes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9689-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Gunduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilshat U.","family":"Tulyaganov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S. 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