{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:54:35Z","timestamp":1760151275312,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020","CEECIND\/01207\/2018","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020","CEECIND\/01207\/2018","UIDP\/50017\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020","LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ChemEngineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing consumption of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by humankind has been causing an accumulation of contaminants (commonly referred to as contaminants of emerging concern), in effluents and water resources. Ozonation can be used to improve the removal of these contaminants during water treatment to alleviate this burden. In this work, the degradation of methyl (MP), propylparaben (PP), paracetamol (PCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and carbamazepine (CBZ) by ozonation was assessed both for individual compounds and for mixtures with increasing complexity (two to five compounds). Ozonation was performed at pH3 to gain an insight on the exclusive action of molecular ozone as oxidizing agent. The degradation of contaminants was described as a function of time and transferred ozone dose, and the corresponding pseudo-first order kinetic rate constants (k\u2019) were determined. PPCPs were degraded individually within 1.5 to 10 min. CBZ was the most quickly degraded (k\u2019 = 1.25 min\u22121) and MP the most resistant to ozone (k\u2019 = 0.25 min\u22121). When in the mixture, the degradation rate of the contaminants was slower. For parabens, the increase of the number of compounds in the mixture led to an exponential decrease of the k\u2019 values. Moreover, the presence of more PPCPs within the mixture increased energy consumption associated with the treatment, thereby reflecting higher economic costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/chemengineering6020020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T08:17:03Z","timestamp":1646122623000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ozone Kinetic Studies Assessment for the PPCPs Abatement: Mixtures Relevance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6087-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF\u2014Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF\u2014Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7573-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF\u2014Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.15406\/ijh.2020.04.00250","article-title":"The importance of water and conscious use of water","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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