{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:44Z","timestamp":1760151404077,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RaBBiT, PD\/00193\/2012","PTDC\/FIS-NAN\/0909\/2014","UIDB\/00068\/2020","UIDB\/04559\/2020","UIDP\/04559\/2020","PD\/BD\/142767\/2018","Dete\u00e7\u00e3o de Estrog\u00e9nio um Contaminante Emergente-em Corpos H\u00eddricos\u201d within the scope of \u201cCoopera\u00e7\u00e3o Transnacional_FCT (Portugal)-CAPES (Brazil) 2018\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RaBBiT, PD\/00193\/2012","PTDC\/FIS-NAN\/0909\/2014","UIDB\/00068\/2020","UIDB\/04559\/2020","UIDP\/04559\/2020","PD\/BD\/142767\/2018","Dete\u00e7\u00e3o de Estrog\u00e9nio um Contaminante Emergente-em Corpos H\u00eddricos\u201d within the scope of \u201cCoopera\u00e7\u00e3o Transnacional_FCT (Portugal)-CAPES (Brazil) 2018\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of impedance measurements of applied voltage on the detection of 17\u03b1-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water samples using interdigitated electrodes (IDE) coated or not with thin films, is described. Firstly, the effect of immersion in EE2 aqueous solutions of layer-by-layer films prepared with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), graphene oxide (GO), poly(1-(4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzene sulfonamido) 1,2 ethanediyl, sodium salt) (PAZO), polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was analyzed. These results demonstrated that PAH\/GO films desorb during the immersion on EE2 solutions, while EE2 adsorbs on PAH\/PAZO and PEI\/PSS films with characteristic time values of 16.7 and 7.1 min, respectively, demonstrating that both films are adequate for the development of EE2 sensors. However, as the adsorption characteristic time is shorter, and the EE2 adsorbed amount is smaller, the PEI\/PSS films are more suitable for the development of sensors. The effect of the applied voltage was analyzed using both IDEs covered with PEI\/PSS films as well as those uncoated. The capacitance spectra are best fitted to analyze this effect, and the loss tangent spectra are advantageous to analyze the aqueous media. Furthermore, it was concluded that lower voltage values are best suited to perform measurements of this nature, given that higher voltages lead to less reliable results and cause irreparable damage to the sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors10030114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1647468598000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Applied Electrical Stimuli to Interdigitated Electrode Sensors While Detecting 17\u03b1-Ethinylestradiol in Water Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Zagalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFITEC, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4710-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.117","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of PPCP and humic substances by carbon nanotube membranes: Effects of coagulation and PPCP properties","volume":"619\u2013620","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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