{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:53:42Z","timestamp":1777564422035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT National Funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CleanH2O-2022.03009.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CleanH2O-2022.03009.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a novel class of eco-friendly solvents, are attracting considerable attention in extraction techniques. In this study, a hydrophobic DES, created by combining a quaternary ammonium salt and hexanoic acid, was coated onto a commercial cellulose membrane for polycyclic musks (cashmeran, celestolide, galaxolide, and tonalid) microextraction from surface waters followed by gas-chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis. A series of DESs were synthesized and characterized to identify suitable candidates for use as a coating on cellulose membranes. A factorial design approach was employed to investigate key factors, including DES volume, membrane type, dissolving solvent volume, DES incorporation time, and extraction duration, following a preliminary selection of the DES type, membrane, and dissolving solvent. Under optimized conditions, a cellulose acetate membrane impregnated with DES (TBAB:C6, 1:3 molar ratio) was used for 1 h to extract polycyclic musks from surface water; the extract was then dissolved in methanol prior to the GC-MS analysis. The DES-coated membrane demonstrated a linear detection range from 2.5 to 100 \u03bcg\/L, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.06 to 0.15 \u00b5g\/L, while the LOQ values varied from 0.2 to 0.5 \u00b5g\/L. The validated method was successfully applied to real samples, allowing us to find the presence of galaxolide and tonalide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors13030088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T09:01:33Z","timestamp":1741078893000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microextraction of Polycyclic Musks from Surface Water with Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Coated Membrane Followed by Gas-Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0369-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Terlizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 O.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2493-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mateus H.","family":"Petrarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leandro dos S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela S.","family":"Lamarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario H.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Lapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara C.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. \u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112886","article-title":"Survey on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in seafood: Occurrence and distribution","volume":"210","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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