{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1772174098056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/13579-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/13579-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The determination of metal ions is important for nutritional and toxicological assessment. Atomic spectrometric techniques are highly efficient for the determination of these species, but the high costs of acquisition and maintenance hinder the application of these techniques. Inexpensive alternatives for metallic element determination are based on dedicated biosensors. These devices mimic biological systems and convert biochemical processes into physical outputs and can be used for the sensitive and selective determination of chemical species such as cations. In this work, an overview of the proposed biosensors for metal ions determination was carried out considering the last 15 years of publications. Statistical data on the applications, response mechanisms, instrumentation designs, applications of nanomaterials, and multielement analysis are herein discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9110324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1637225636000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An overview of Structured Biosensors for Metal Ions Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7614-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo L.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Maringolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alberto N.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia M. P. G.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o B. S. M.","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McNaught, A.D., and Wilkinson, A. (1997). IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Blackwell Scientific Publications. [2nd ed.]. The \u201cGold Book\u201d."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"IUPAC Glossary for chemist for terms used in biotechnology","volume":"64","author":"Nagel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Compend. Chem. 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