{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:54:50Z","timestamp":1777794890938,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID04045\/ 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID04045\/ 2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to understand how the design of decision-making tasks affects youth football players\u2019 ball control, passing performance, and external load. A total of 16 male youth football players (age: 12.94 \u00b1 0.25 years) competed in various tasks based on the following levels of decision-making: (i) low decision-making (Low DM), which consisted of a predefined ball control and passing sequence; (ii) moderate decision-making (Mod DM), which consisted of maintaining possession in a square with four players and two balls while maintaining the same position; and (iii) high decision-making (High DM), which consisted of a 3 vs. 3 + 2 neutral players ball possession game. The study design consisted of a pre\u2013post design (a 6 min pre-test game, a 6 min intervention, and a 6 min post-test game). The players\u2019 ball control and passing performance were measured using the game performance evaluation tool and notational analysis, while GPS data were used to determine their physical performance. The pre\u2013post test analysis revealed decrements in players\u2019 ability to identify more offensive players after the Mod DM task (W = 9.50, p = 0.016), while there was an increase in their ability to receive the ball towards the space following the High DM task (t = \u22122.40, p = 0.016). Analysis between groups showed lower values in most ball control variables for the Low DM task compared to the Mod DM task (ball control execution, p = 0.030; appropriateness, p = 0.031; motor space, p = 0.025), while there were also lower values in the distance covered while sprinting (p = 0.042). Overall, prescriptive tasks (Low DM) that are repetitive in nature may affect players\u2019 perceptual attunement, whereas static tasks (e.g., Mod DM) may limit their ability to locate players in more offensive positions. Moreover, game-based situations (High DM) seem to acutely enhance players\u2019 performance, possibly due to contextual dependency. Overall, coaches should carefully consider the type of practice structure when designing tasks that aim to improve players\u2019 technical skills in youth football.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1674782878000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exploring the Effects of Tasks with Different Decision-Making Levels on Ball Control, Passing Performance, and External Load in Youth Football"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6605-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Desporto, Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Leigh","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Desporto, Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Desporto, Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 4711-852 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Superiores Don Bosco (CES Don Bosco), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, University of Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 4711-852 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-013-2290-3","article-title":"Capturing complex, non-linear team behaviours during competitive football performance","volume":"26","author":"Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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