{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:19:30Z","timestamp":1773933570279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses on the control of myopia progression compared with single vision glasses users (monofocal glasses). It was also possible to analyze the clinical efficacy of orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses for myopia correction in children and adolescents in a 2 year retrospective, multicenter study, performed in eight different ophthalmology centers in France. A total of 360 data records of children and adolescents with myopia between \u22120.50 D and \u22127.00 D at baseline visit, who completed treatment and had a centered outcome, were selected for the study from a database of 1271. The final sample included subjects undergoing orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses (n = 211 eyes) and spectacle wearers (n = 149 eyes). After one year of treatment, the data analysis shows that the DRL lens has a refractive myopia progression control rate of 78.5% compared with the spectacle wearers (DRL M change = \u22120.10 \u00b1 0.25 D, p &lt; 0.001 Wilcoxon test and Glasses M change = \u22120.44 \u00b1 0.38 D, p &lt; 0.001 Wilcoxon test). Similar results were found after 2 years of treatment (80% with 310 eyes). This study showed the clinical efficacy of orthokeratology DRL lenses compared to monofocal spectacle wearers in controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents in a 2 year retrospective study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T03:56:07Z","timestamp":1676865367000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of the Clinical Effectiveness of DRL Orthokeratology Lenses vs. Single-Vision Spectacles in Controlling the Progression of Myopia in Children and Teenagers: 2 Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1045-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), School of Science University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Beaujeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique 27 Rue de Fleurus, 75006 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Louisette","family":"Bloise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Espace M\u00e9dical Cap 3000, Avenue Donade\u00ef, 06700 Saint Laurent du Var, France"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lia","family":"Chaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre M\u00e9dical Voltaire, 24-26 Rue de Mareville, 54520 Laxou, France"}]},{"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Colliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre M\u00e9dical d\u2019Ophtalmologie de Chantilly (SCM), 7 Avenue de Bourbon, 60500 Chantilly, France"}]},{"given":"Dominique Plaisant","family":"Proust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Union des Ophtalmologistes du Sud Est, 30 Rue des Electriciens, 13012 Marseille, France"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Saint Hilaire, 2 Place Saint Hilaire, 76000 Rouen, France"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Tritsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tritsch Bertrand, Espace Ville de France 3 Quai de la Sinn, 68000 Colmar, France"}]},{"given":"Dominique Bastien","family":"Crinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Point Vision, 58 Rue du 14 Juillet, 62300 Lens, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2493-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Paun\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teknon Medical Center, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Optics and Optometry Polytechnic, University of Catalonia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Optometry School Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0010-0","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.018","article-title":"Increasing Prevalence of Myopia in Europe and the Impact of Education","volume":"122","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-Peregrina, C., Martinez-Perez, C., Villa-Collar, C., Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Abad, A., S\u00e1nchez-Tena, M., and on behalf of Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Alain Afflelou (2021). The Prevalence of Myopia in Children in Spain: An Updated Study in 2020. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312375"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121998960","article-title":"Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute","volume":"31","author":"Aclimandos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzybowski, A., Kanclerz, P., Tsubota, K., Lanca, C., and Saw, S.-M. (2020). A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000926","article-title":"Changes in Myopia Prevalence among First-Year University Students in 12 Years","volume":"93","author":"Jorge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1976","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001976","article-title":"Prevalence of Myopia in France","volume":"94","author":"Matamoros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icl.0000087488.16118.71","article-title":"Kersley lecture: Eye believe in contact lenses: Contact lenses and\/or refractive surgery","volume":"29","author":"Vogt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Villa-Collar, C., and Gonzalez-Jeijome, J.M. (2006). Introducci\u00f3n, Evoluci\u00f3n Hist\u00f3rica y Situaci\u00f3n Actual de la Ortoqueratolog\u00eda, Colegio Nacional de Opticos-Optometristas."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Villa-Collar, C., and Gonzalez-Meijome, J.M. (2006). Ortoqueratologia Nocturna, ICM-Colegio Nacional de \u00d3pticos-Optometristas de Espa\u00f1a."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression","volume":"62","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.02.003","article-title":"BCLA CLEAR-Orthokeratology","volume":"44","author":"Vincent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680590907256","article-title":"The Longitudinal Orthokeratology Research in Children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study on Refractive Changes and Myopic Control","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10565","article-title":"Retardation of Myopia in Orthokeratology (ROMIO) Study: A 2-Year Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"53","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5060","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8005","article-title":"Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain: Refractive and Biometric Changes","volume":"53","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6510","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12527","article-title":"Myopia Control Using Toric Orthokeratology (TO-SEE Study)","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"507572","article-title":"Myopia Control with a Novel Peripheral Gradient Soft Lens and Orthokeratology: A 2-Year Clinical Trial","volume":"2015","author":"Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8453","article-title":"Long-Term Effect of Overnight Orthokeratology on Axial Length Elongation in Childhood Myopia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study","volume":"53","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318293657d","article-title":"High Myopia\u2013Partial Reduction Ortho-k A 2-Year Randomized Study","volume":"90","author":"Charm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.02.005","article-title":"Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice","volume":"39","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000499","article-title":"A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia","volume":"44","author":"Cooper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12305","article-title":"Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children","volume":"36","author":"Chua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7177","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11462","article-title":"Myopia Control with Positively Aspherized Progressive Addition Lenses: A 2-Year, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Hasebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181d951f7","article-title":"Peripheral Refraction in Myopic Patients After Orthokeratology","volume":"87","author":"Jorge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E476","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31819fa5aa","article-title":"Effect of Orthokeratology on Peripheral Aberrations of the Eye","volume":"86","author":"Mathur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-018-0106-1","article-title":"Relative peripheral refraction across 4 meridians after orthokeratology and LASIK surgery","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"178","article-title":"Observation of orthokeratology discontinuation","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019","article-title":"Power Vectors: An Application of Fourier Analysis to the Description and Statistical Analysis of Refractive Error","volume":"74","author":"Thibos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182480e97","article-title":"Quality of Life of Myopic Subjects with Different Methods of Visual Correction Using the NEI RQL-42 Questionnaire","volume":"38","author":"Jorge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V42N5p225","article-title":"A new community-based outdoor intervention to increase physical activity in Singapore children: Findings from focus groups","volume":"42","author":"Drury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Liu, L.J., Xu, L., Tang, P., Lv, Y.Y., Feng, Y., Meng, M., and Jonas, J.B. (2013). Myopic Shift and Outdoor Activity among Primary School Children: One-Year Follow-Up Study in Beijing. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075260"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31827a0241","article-title":"Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain: A Comparison of Vision-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Between Orthokeratology Contact Lenses and Single-Vision Spectacles","volume":"39","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5485","article-title":"Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Axial Elongation in Childhood Myopia","volume":"52","author":"Kakita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Advanced Orthokeratology as an additional treatment after Refractive Surgeries","volume":"45","author":"Mitsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"ARVO Meet. Abstr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2398-0","article-title":"Peripheral optical quality and myopia progression in children","volume":"10","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x","article-title":"Active emmetropization\u2014Evidence for its existence and ramifications for clinical practice","volume":"17","author":"Wildsoet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.09.028","article-title":"Myopia Control during Orthokeratology Lens Wear in Children Using a Novel Study Design","volume":"122","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303914","article-title":"Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: A 2-year randomised clinical trial","volume":"98","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i30.8985","article-title":"Novel application of multispectral refraction topography in the observation of myopic control effect by orthokeratology lens in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01167-9","article-title":"Changes in axial length after orthokeratology lens treatment for myopia: A meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000505","article-title":"Orthokeratology for Myopia Control A Meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Si","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360806","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/360806","article-title":"Efficacy and Acceptability of Orthokeratology for Slowing Myopic Progression in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0639-4","article-title":"Effect of Orthokeratology on myopia progression: Twelve-year results of a retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101749","article-title":"The effect of corneal power distribution on axial elongation in children using three different orthokeratology lens designs","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101755","article-title":"The effect of back optic zone diameter on relative corneal refractive power distribution and corneal higher-order aberrations in orthokeratology","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000100","article-title":"Strategies to Regulate Myopia Progression with Contact Lenses A Review","volume":"42","author":"Jorge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4826","article-title":"Relative Peripheral Refractive Error and the Risk of Onset and Progression of Myopia in Children","volume":"52","author":"Mutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.06.004","article-title":"The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology","volume":"31","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0408","article-title":"Role of Parental Myopia in the Progression of Myopia and Its Interaction with Treatment in COMET Children","volume":"48","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.019","article-title":"Outdoor Activity Reduces the Prevalence of Myopia in Children","volume":"115","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12976","article-title":"Refractive, biometric and corneal topographic parameter changes during 12-months of orthokeratology","volume":"103","author":"Yeoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0945","article-title":"Comparison of Ocular Component Growth Curves among Refractive Error Groups in Children","volume":"46","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E286","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000159370.66540.34","article-title":"Myopia Progression Is Specified by a Double Exponential Growth Function","volume":"82","author":"Thorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001","article-title":"Updates of pathologic myopia","volume":"52","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12238","article-title":"Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes","volume":"35","author":"Verkicharla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ang, M., and Wong, T. (2019). Updates on Myopia: A Clinical Perspectiv, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8491-2"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1249","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14736","article-title":"Correlation between change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error and change in axial length in Danish children aged 6 to 12 year","volume":"99","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queir\u00f3s, A., Amorim-De-Sousa, A., Fernandes, P., Ribeiro-Queir\u00f3s, M.S., Villa-Collar, C., and Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e9ijome, J.M. (2022). Mathematical Estimation of Axial Length Increment in the Control of Myopia Progression. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206200"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009","article-title":"Association of Axial Length with Risk of Uncorrectable Visual Impairment for Europeans with Myopia","volume":"134","author":"Tideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13603","article-title":"Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children","volume":"96","author":"Tideman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/2\/402\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:36:12Z","timestamp":1760121372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/10\/2\/402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["children10020402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10020402","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]}}}