{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:01:30Z","timestamp":1760148090811,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming vulnerability","award":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LARSyS\u2014Portuguese national","award":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901","10001C_189407","ITI-LX UIDP\/50009\/2020\u2014IST-ID","UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Referees\u2019 activity can be an instrument for training students with an impact on health-related physical fitness (PF). This study aimed to investigate the differences in PF and body composition between students without sports practice (G1), students with regular sports practice (G2), and student referees in team invasion games (G3). Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 45 male students between 14 and 20 years old (16.40 \u00b1 1.85). Three groups (G1, G2, and G3) of 15 participants each were selected. PF was assessed by a 20 m shuttle run, change-of-direction test, and standing long jump. Body composition was determined by body mass index (BMI; kg\/m2) and the percentage of body fat (%BF) predicted by skinfold. Results: After controlling for age as a covariate, the block of variables used to characterize PF was statistically different between sports practice groups favoring student referees (p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.26). Similar results were achieved for body composition (i.e., BMI and %BF) (p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.17). However, when the dependent variables were evaluated separately, there were only differences between groups in %BF (p = 0.007; r = 0.21). Student referees had statistically significantly lower values than the remaining groups. Conclusion: Refereeing activity benefits PF related to health and performance, including body composition. This study confirms the benefits related to health in children and adolescents who are involved in refereeing activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T02:23:46Z","timestamp":1680143026000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physical Fitness and Body Composition of Youth Referees in Invasion Games"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio R\u00fabio","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI), 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1388-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Maio","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9845-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ihle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerson","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad F\u00edsica, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2389-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9301-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for the study of human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160600586747","article-title":"Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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