{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:23:20Z","timestamp":1774643000671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\/FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/MHC-PED\/1424\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MHC-PED\/1424\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior research found an association between mother\u2013infant attachment and antibiotic use. Ambivalent-attached infants are more likely to take antibiotics than other infants, and their mothers tend to be less sensitive to their needs than most. This finding is important because it shows the association between psychological processes, early relationships, and health outcomes. We aim to learn about children with high-risk attachment relationships, such as disorganized-attached infants. This study compares antibiotic use, infant\u2013mother interactive behavior, and health indicators according to infant attachment patterns (including disorganized attachment). For this purpose, we observed mothers\u2013infants\u2019 interactive behavior in free play at nine months and infants\u2019 attachment in the Ainsworth Strange Situation at twelve months. Participants included 77 girls and 104 boys (full-term and preterm) and their mothers. Paradoxically, mothers of disorganized-attached infants reported that their children were ill only 1.56 times on average, but 61% of their children used antibiotics in the first nine months. The other mothers reported that their children were sick 5.73 times on average, but only 54% of their children used antibiotics in the same period. Infants with disorganized attachment had mothers who were more literate and less sensitive. These results add to a body of research that shows that early high-risk relationships affect children\u2019s lives at multiple levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:31:32Z","timestamp":1689643892000},"page":"1232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antibiotic Consumption, Illness, and Maternal Sensitivity in Infants with a Disorganized Attachment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Fuertes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Psicologia, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santo Esp\u00edrito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana L.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Psicologia e Ci\u00eancias da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Lus\u00edada de Lisboa, 1349-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"inED\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, University of Maia\u2014ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3653-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Dionisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320941245","article-title":"Maternal Sensitivity and Mother-Infant Attachment Are Associated with Antibiotic Uptake in Infancy","volume":"27","author":"Fuertes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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