{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:50:51Z","timestamp":1777330251814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["SR&TD Project Grant PTDC\/PSI-GER\/0689\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR&TD Project Grant PTDC\/PSI-GER\/0689\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147848\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147848\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.09015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.09015"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2022.13843.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13843.BD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR&TD Project Grant PTDC\/PSI-GER\/0689\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR&TD Project Grant PTDC\/PSI-GER\/0689\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147848\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147848\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.09015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.09015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.13843.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13843.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) was adapted for American and Chinese youth, but never for European youth. Moreover, the factor structures found in these previous studies were not consistent. Methods. The DTS was adapted for Portuguese children and then validated among 153 children aged 6\u201313 years with emotional disorders. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted; the DTS reliability and validity were analyzed, and sex and age differences were explored. A sub-sample of children who received a transdiagnostic CBT (Unified Protocol for Children) was used to analyze the DTS\u2019s sensitivity to therapeutic change. Results. The five tested models (based on previous studies) exhibited adequate fit in the CFA. However, the model previously reported for use in American children with emotional disorders was selected as the most appropriate. The DTS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, and its validity was established through significant negative associations with measures of anxiety, depression and negative affect, as well as positive associations with positive affect. Age and sex differences were discussed. The DTS scores significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment, demonstrating sensitivity to therapeutic change. Conclusions. The DTS is a suitable and useful measure for assessing children\u2019s distress tolerance and to assess the efficacy of CBT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11010115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1705477288000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Factorial Structure, Psychometric Properties and Sensitivity to Change of the Distress Tolerance Scale for Children with Emotional Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-0696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Br\u00edgida","family":"Caiado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"G\u00f3is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Canavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-005-7955-3","article-title":"The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measure","volume":"29","author":"Simons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Motiv. 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