{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T04:22:02Z","timestamp":1766636522631,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research Bento da Rocha Cabral","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology to ISAMB","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CUF","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Society of Ophthalmology","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020","UIDP\/04295\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal neovascular disease affecting preterm infants. Identifying risk factors for its development and progression is critical for effective screening and prevention. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of ROP and identify key risk factors for its development and progression. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study on 455 neonates (gestational age [GA] &lt; 32 weeks or birth weight &lt; 1500 g) across eight Portuguese NICUs. Results: ROP incidence was 37.8%, with 4.6% requiring treatment. Multivariate analysis identified low GA and the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as significant factors for ROP development and progression. After adjusting for these variables, platelet transfusions, high maximum fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) in the second week, and surfactant use remained significantly associated with ROP development, while early and late sepsis, maternal chronic hypertension, and delayed enteral nutrition were associated with progression to ROP requiring treatment. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of addressing low GAs and adult RBC transfusions in ROP risk management and suggest that maximum FiO2, platelet transfusions, and sepsis also play crucial roles. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and explore preventive interventions, particularly regarding the impact of multiple adult RBC transfusions on fetal hemoglobin percentages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children11101154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retinopathy of Prematurity in Eight Portuguese Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Progression\u2014A Prospective Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1875-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariza","family":"Fevereiro-Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecogenetics and Human Health Unit, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research Bento da Rocha Cabral, Cal\u00e7ada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cuf Descobertas Hospital, Rua M\u00e1rio Botas, 1998-018 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3688-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecogenetics and Human Health Unit, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Marques-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecogenetics and Human Health Unit, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Vision Sciences, University Ophthalmology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Piso 1C, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Bicho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecogenetics and Human Health Unit, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research Bento da Rocha Cabral, Cal\u00e7ada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6402-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herc\u00edlia","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology\u2014Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the GenE-ROP Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"382","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.0809","article-title":"Epidemiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity in the US From 2003 to 2019","volume":"141","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, W.H., Gu, D.F., Dai, Y., Chen, Y.H., Yang, Z.M., and Lu, L.J. 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