{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:20:26Z","timestamp":1760059226221,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["GHTM\u2014UID\/04413\/2020","LA\/P\/0117\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHTM\u2014UID\/04413\/2020","LA\/P\/0117\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LA-REAL","award":["GHTM\u2014UID\/04413\/2020","LA\/P\/0117\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHTM\u2014UID\/04413\/2020","LA\/P\/0117\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health (RMNCH) remains a key priority for official development assistance and private voluntary assistance (ODA+) in low-income countries. In Guinea-Bissau, maternal and child mortality rates remain high, with the healthcare system heavily dependent on foreign aid. This study analyzes ODA+ trends for RMNCH in Guinea-Bissau from 2002 to 2018 and assesses its impact on maternal, neonatal, infsupplent, and under-five mortality rates. Methods: We used data from the OECD Creditor Reporting System and applied the Muskoka2 methodology to estimate RMNCH-related disbursements. Funding trends were categorized by donor type and RMNCH subsectors. A longitudinal analysis used regression models to assess the relationship between aid categories and mortality outcomes. Results: RMNCH funding accounted for 8.9% of total ODA+ to Guinea-Bissau, with most aid directed toward child health. Models revealed a negative association between child health funding and under-five and infant mortality, while reproductive health funding showed no significant correlation with maternal or neonatal mortality. Conclusions: Although variable, ODA+ for RMNCH in Guinea-Bissau has helped reduce child mortality. However, maternal and neonatal mortality require targeted interventions and improved coordination. Fluctuating aid disbursements emphasize the need for sustainable health financing and stronger donor alignment with national priorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12060717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1748867229000},"page":"717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Official Development Assistance and Private Voluntary Support for Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health in Guinea-Bissau: Assessing Trends and Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5351-6815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anaxore","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, ULS S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, Hospital Dona Estef\u00e2nia, HDE, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, ULS S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, Hospital Dona Estef\u00e2nia, HDE, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"Maulide Cane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, INS, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, MISAU, Marracuene 264, Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7919-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel Jareski","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8419-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Varandas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, ULS S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, Hospital Dona Estef\u00e2nia, HDE, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Craveiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00358-3","article-title":"Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health intervention coverage in 70 low-income and middle-income countries, 2000\u201330: Trends, projections, and inequities","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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