{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:42:05Z","timestamp":1760060525493,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Ministry of Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Students\u2019 psychological health problems have been widely studied for a long time. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic and due to the additional challenges related to the need for individual and contextual adjustment, a more comprehensive approach to psychological health and well-being is needed. The main goal of the present study was to identify the individual and contextual factors that could discriminate middle school and high school students based on well-being and psychological symptoms. Methods: In this study, carried out within the scope of the second wave of the study \u201cPsychological Health and Wellbeing | School Observatory\u201d, promoted by the Ministry of Education, 3037 students from different regions and levels of public education in Portugal, 49.5% female, aged between 9 and 18 years, participated by completing a research protocol after informed consent was given. Results: Cluster analysis allowed the identification of four groups based on the scores of well-being and psychological symptoms: complete psychological health, incomplete psychological distress, incomplete psychological health and complete psychological distress. The analysis of discriminant variables additionally showed relevant differences between the two extreme groups: complete psychological health students reported higher socio-emotional skills, whereas complete psychological distress students reported higher stress and anxiety scores and low life satisfaction. Conclusions: The obtained results highlight the need for early identification of psychological distress using effective measures to prevent psychological symptoms and to promote socio-emotional skills in the school context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:53:01Z","timestamp":1757083981000},"page":"1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["No-Risk, At-Risk, and High-Risk Middle School and High School Students: Contributions of the Quadripartite Model for Psychological Distress Prevention Programs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1784-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipa Aventura Social, 1675-184 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2877-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipa Aventura Social, 1675-184 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Humanas (FCH), Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa (UCPF), 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4310-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipa Aventura Social, 1675-184 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5497-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno Neto","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Estat\u00edsticas da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia, 1399-054 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9616-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipa Aventura Social, 1675-184 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Technologias (ULHT), 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida Gaspar","family":"de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipa Aventura Social, 1675-184 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Humanas (FCH), Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa (UCPF), 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"The Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion (APPsyCI), School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio (ISPA), Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadermann, A., Thomson, K., Gill, R., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., Gagn\u00e9 Petteni, M., Guhn, M., Warren, M.T., and Oberle, E. 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