{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:45:03Z","timestamp":1767357903028,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To evaluate short-term motor and sensory\u2013motor outcomes following postoperative OT in children with IXT after strabismus surgery. Methods: This prospective before\u2013after observational study included children with IXT who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession and were referred for postoperative OT based on predefined clinical criteria. A structured 12-week OTplan was initiated approximately six months after surgery. Outcome measures included angle of deviation (prism diopters, PD), near point of convergence (cm), positive fusional vergence amplitudes (PD), and convergence amplitudes at distance and near (PD). Pre- and post-therapy changes were analysed using paired-samples t-tests with effect sizes calculated using Cohen\u2019s d. Final postoperative alignment was additionally compared cross-sectionally between children who underwent OT and those managed without OT. Results: Eighty-eight children had complete paired motor and sensory\u2013motor data and were included in the analyses. Changes in static ocular alignment were small, with mean residual deviation improving from \u22127.02 \u00b1 6.91 PD to \u22125.22 \u00b1 6.60 PD after OT (mean change +1.80 PD; p &lt; 0.01; d \u2248 0.30). No significant difference in final postoperative alignment was observed between the OT and non-OT groups (p = 0.827). In contrast, marked improvements were observed in sensory\u2013motor outcomes. Positive fusional vergence amplitude increased from 7.30 \u00b1 8.33 PD to 22.19 \u00b1 9.26 PD (p &lt; 0.001; d \u2248 1.5). Distance convergence amplitude improved from 7.30 \u00b1 8.33 PD to 22.19 \u00b1 9.26 PD, and near convergence amplitude from 10.95 \u00b1 12.50 PD to 33.29 \u00b1 13.89 PD (both p &lt; 0.001; d \u2248 1.5). Near point of convergence showed a modest but significant improvement. Conclusions: Postoperative OT was associated with substantial short-term improvements in sensory\u2013motor function, particularly fusional and convergence capacities, while changes in static ocular alignment were small and of limited clinical relevance. These findings support the role of OT as a functional adjunct to surgery, aimed at enhancing binocular control and postoperative sensory\u2013motor stability in children with IXT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13010070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orthoptic Treatment After Strabismus Surgery in Child Intermittent Divergent Strabismus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Lino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, LA-REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CUF Cascais Hospital, 2750-663 Cascais, Portugal"},{"name":"CUF Tejo Hospital, 1350-352 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Scientific Area of Orthoptics and Vision Sciences, Higher School of Technology and Health of Lisbon, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Vargues","family":"de Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, LA-REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, CUF Cascais Hospital, 2750-663 Cascais, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Higher School of Technology and Health of Lisbon, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.07.033","article-title":"Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: A population-based study","volume":"112","author":"Govindan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00639-4","article-title":"Common forms of childhood exotropia","volume":"108","author":"Mohney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bui Quoc, E., and Milleret, C. (2014). Origins of strabismus and loss of binocular vision. Front. Integr. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00071"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05935-9","article-title":"Comitant strabismus etiology: Extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement","volume":"261","author":"Quevedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182772dce","article-title":"Concurrent vision dysfunctions in convergence insufficiency with traumatic brain injury","volume":"89","author":"Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. 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