{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:17:17Z","timestamp":1760231837568,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/19175-6","UIDB\/00127\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/19175-6","UIDB\/00127\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Funds through the FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2017\/19175-6","UIDB\/00127\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/19175-6","UIDB\/00127\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Voicing contrast is hard to master during speech motor development, and the phonological process of consonant devoicing is very frequent in children with Speech Sound Disorders (SSD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the oral and laryngeal articulation control strategies used by children with and without SSD as a function of place of articulation. The articulation rate and relative oral airflow amplitude (flow) were used to analyse how children controlled oral articulation; fundamental frequency (fo), open quotient (OQ), and a classification of voicing were used to explore laryngeal behaviour. Data from detailed speech and language assessments, oral airflow and electroglottography signals were collected from 13 children with SSD and 17 children without SSD, aged 5; 0 to 7; 8, using picture naming tasks. Articulation rate and flow in children with and without SSD were not significantly different, but a statistically reliable effect of place on flow was found. Children with and without SSD used different relative fo (which captures changes in fo during the consonant-vowel transition) and OQ values, and place of articulation had an effect on the strength of voicing. All children used very similar oral articulation control of voicing, but children with SSD used less efficient laryngeal articulation strategies (higher subglottal damping and more air from the lungs expelled in each glottal cycle) than children without SSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children9050649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T06:23:08Z","timestamp":1651386188000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral and Laryngeal Articulation Control of Voicing in Children with and without Speech Sound Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayd\u00e9e Fiszbein","family":"Wertzner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Occupational Therapy of the School of Medicine at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\/FMUSP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246903, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luciana Pagan","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Occupational Therapy of the School of Medicine at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\/FMUSP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246903, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M. T.","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Waengler, J. (2020). Articulation and Phonology in Speech Sound Disorders: A Clinical Focus, Pearson Education. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Bleile, K.M. (2020). Speech Sound Disorders for Class and Clinic, Plural Publishing. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Lapre, F.B., and Rvachew, S. (2020). Introduction to Speech Sound Disorders, Plural Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"68","article-title":"Estudo do dist\u00farbio fonol\u00f3gico em crian\u00e7as","volume":"7","author":"Oliveira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Wertzner, H.F. (2002). 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