{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:21:25Z","timestamp":1775103685257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting the effects of ionizing radiation on the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota of animals. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The standard methodologies expected by Cochrane were utilized. Results: We identified 3531 non-duplicated records and selected twenty-nine studies after considering the defined inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous, with significant differences in the chosen populations, methodologies, and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence of an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbiota diversity and richness and alterations in the taxonomic composition. Although differences in taxonomic composition varied across studies, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Alistipes, and Akkermancia most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant after ionizing radiation exposure, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus were relatively reduced. Conclusions: This review highlights the effect of ionizing exposure on gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. It paves the way for further studies on human subjects regarding gastrointestinal side effects in patients submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and the development of potential preventive, therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45050249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T02:29:14Z","timestamp":1683080954000},"page":"3877-3910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gut Microbiota: What Can Animal Models Tell Us?\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5489-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9157-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumagai, T., Rahman, F., and Smith, A.M. 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