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Red blood cells break down prematurely, causing anemia and often blocking blood vessels, leading to chronic pain, organ damage, and increased infection risk. SCD arises from a single-nucleotide mutation in the \u03b2-globin gene, substituting glutamic acid with valine in the \u03b2-globin chain. This review examines treatments evaluated through randomized controlled trials for managing SCD, analyzes the potential of functional foods (dietary components with health benefits) as a complementary strategy, and explores the use of bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients. While randomized trials show promise for certain drugs, functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds also hold therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to confirm clinical efficacy, optimal dosages, and specific effects of these compounds on SCD, potentially offering a cost-effective and accessible approach to managing the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46060349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T08:45:50Z","timestamp":1718181950000},"page":"5845-5865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sickle Cell Disease: Current Drug Treatments and Functional Foods with Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Elis\u00e2ngela","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8839-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slim","family":"Smaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymes Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre of Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"},{"name":"H&TRC\u2014Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-092 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azem\u00e9is, Portugal"},{"name":"EMaRT Group\u2014Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO Aveiro\u2014Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0497-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Arez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2112-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loleny","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azem\u00e9is, Portugal"},{"name":"EMaRT Group\u2014Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO Aveiro\u2014Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/hemato3020024","article-title":"Sickle Cell Disease, a Review","volume":"3","author":"Tebbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hemato"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02557.x","article-title":"The emerging understanding of sickle cell disease","volume":"112","author":"Serjeant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. 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