{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:12:00Z","timestamp":1776744720780,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALiCE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LSRE-LCM","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LSRE-LCM","award":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LSRE-LCM","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clean Technol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of replacing cement in mortar production with sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), prepared using different treatments. The sludge used in the experiments was processed using four different methods to investigate the effect of processing on the mechanical strength of the specimens. The sludge was then mixed with mortar in different proportions, and samples were produced for flexural and compressive strength tests. The results showed that specimens with 7% sludge from the burned treatment exhibited the highest resistance, surpassing the standard. Specimens with sludge from the drying treatments showed similar results. This study found that using sludge in mortar production could lead to energy savings compared to traditional cement production methods. Moreover, the incorporation of sludge resulted in mortars that met the specifications of the EN 998-1:2018 standard, thereby indicating their technical feasibility. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential of using sludge from WWTPs as a substitute for cement in mortar production, which could contribute to the reduction in the environmental impacts caused by civil construction and the development of sustainable alternatives for the disposal of sludge generated in WWTPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cleantechnol5030048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:24:26Z","timestamp":1690975466000},"page":"961-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Eco-Friendly Cement Mortar with Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Upcycling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Thais Theomaris","family":"Grabowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Management School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu","family":"Pietrobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1, Monteiro Lobato s\/n, Paran\u00e1 84017-220, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4327-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro Jos\u00e9 Espinheira","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Management School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALICE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, FEUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sistema FIEP (Sistema Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Ind\u00fastrias do Estado do Paran\u00e1) (2019). 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