{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:15:25Z","timestamp":1767874525675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Council (CNR)","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council (CNR)","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council (CNR)","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]},{"name":"SEARCULAR (Progetti di Ricerca @CNR, avviso 2020, Beneficiary Clara Piccirillo)","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"SEARCULAR (Progetti di Ricerca @CNR, avviso 2020, Beneficiary Clara Piccirillo)","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"SEARCULAR (Progetti di Ricerca @CNR, avviso 2020, Beneficiary Clara Piccirillo)","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Research MUR","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Research MUR","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Research MUR","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]},{"name":"SENS-AI, Environmental Sensing with Artificial Intelligence","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"SENS-AI, Environmental Sensing with Artificial Intelligence","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"SENS-AI, Environmental Sensing with Artificial Intelligence","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) in Egypt","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) in Egypt","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) in Egypt","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]},{"name":"STARGATE (Italian Bando PRIN PNRR 2022)","award":["CUP H53D23000520006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23000520006"]}]},{"name":"STARGATE (Italian Bando PRIN PNRR 2022)","award":["46176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46176"]}]},{"name":"STARGATE (Italian Bando PRIN PNRR 2022)","award":["E53D23014620001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E53D23014620001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clean Technol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquatic biomass\u2014ranging from fish scales and crustacean shells to various algae species\u2014offers an abundant, renewable source for carbon dot (CD) synthesis, aligning with circular economy principles. This review highlights recent studies for valorizing aquatic biomass into high-performance carbon-based nanomaterials\u2014specifically aquatic biomass-based carbon dots (AB-CDs)\u2014briefly summarizing green synthesis approaches (e.g., hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and microwave-assisted treatments) that minimize environmental impact. Subsequent sections highlight the varied applications of AB-CDs, particularly in biosensing (including the detection of marine biotoxins), environmental monitoring of water pollutants, and drug delivery systems. Physically AB-CDs show unique optical and physicochemical properties\u2014tunable fluorescence, high quantum yields, enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and surface bio-functionalization\u2014that make them ideal for a wide array of applications. Overall, the discussion underlines the significance of this approach; indeed, transforming aquatic biomass into carbon dots can contribute to sustainable nanotechnology, offering eco-friendly solutions in sensing, environmental monitoring, and therapeutics. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed to give a perspective of the potential of AB-CDs; the final aim is their integration into multifunctional, real-time monitoring and therapeutic systems\u2014for sustainable nanotechnology innovations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cleantechnol7030064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T08:46:55Z","timestamp":1754383615000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aquatic Biomass-Based Carbon Dots: A Green Nanostructure for Marine Biosensing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Dawood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Ghali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Materials, Basic and Applied Science Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6970-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Micheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Medhat H.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-716X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207621","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207621","article-title":"Carbon Dots based photoinduced reactions: Advances and perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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