{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:04:11Z","timestamp":1777284251054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["2020.06559.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06559.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/CTM-REF\/2679\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-REF\/2679\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Unit","award":["2020.06559.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06559.BD"]}]},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Unit","award":["PTDC\/CTM-REF\/2679\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-REF\/2679\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Unit","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Unit","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Climate"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world\u2019s population, which is still growing. The great dependence that agriculture, and rice specially, has on fertilizers alongside extreme events that result from climatic change creates an urge for adaptation. Fertilizers are expensive, finite and a potential environmental problem. Their precise application, by the use of slow-release nanofertilizers, thus avoiding losses and consequently reducing the pressure on water resources, is one step forward in this adaptation. It can reduce costs and protect the environment while ensuring food production. Phosphorous is very important for rice, since it is involved in its flowering and root development, and its low availability to the plants constitutes a serious problem. The delivery of phosphorous through the crop cycle in the form of slow-release phosphorus nanofertilizer (Pnf) instead of the conventional annual bulk application reduces the amount of nutrients applied and increases the absorption by the crop. Combining the fertilizing effect with the use of natural stimulant compounds such as chitosan can protect the crop from diseases and increase its resilience to stress. The use of Pnf reduces the pressure on water resources and avoids imbalances in soil nutrients, thus responding to climatic change challenges and abiotic stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cli10110183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:07:23Z","timestamp":1669000043000},"page":"183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Phosphorous Nanofertilizers for Precise Application in Rice Cultivation as an Adaptation to Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Quirina","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1000-268 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6189-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo C.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2491-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Santar\u00e9m, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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