{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:23:12Z","timestamp":1762543392317,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Climate"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The topic of sustainability is of high importance today. Global efforts such as the Montreal Protocol (1987) and the Kigali Amendment (2016) are examples of joint work by countries to reduce environmental impacts and improve the level of the ozone layer, the choice of refrigerants and air conditioning systems, which is essential for this purpose. But what indicators are to be used to measure something so necessary? In this article, the types of air conditioning and GWP (Global Warming Potential) levels of equipment in the project phase were discussed, the issue of TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) that measures the direct and indirect environmental impacts of refrigeration equipment and air conditioning and a new methodology for the indicator was developed, the TEWI DC (DC is the direct application for Data Center), and using the formulas of this new adapted indicator it was demonstrated that the TEWI DC for Chicago (USA) was 2,784,102,640 kg CO2\/10 years and Curitiba (Brazil) is 1,252,409,640 kg CO2\/10 years. This difference in value corresponds to 222.30% higher annual emissions in Chicago than in Curitiba, showing that it is much more advantageous to install a Data Center in Curitiba than in Chicago in terms of environmental impact. The TEWI indicator provides a more holistic view, helping to combine energy and emissions into the same indicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cli9030042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T21:58:07Z","timestamp":1614895087000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ecoenergetic Comparison of HVAC Systems in Data Centers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandre F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"FAPRO\u2014Professional College, 80230-040 Curitiba, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro D.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"C-MAST\u2014Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Heraldo J. L.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAPRO\u2014Professional College, 80230-040 Curitiba, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"MMA (2020, December 29). Programa Brasileiro de Elimina\u00e7\u00e3o dos HCFCs, (In Portuguese)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"USGBC Enhanced Refrigerant Management. Energy and Atmosphere. LEED BD+C: Retail v4\u2014LEED v U.S., Green Building Council (USGBC). Available online: https:\/\/www.usgbc.org\/credits\/retail-new-construction\/v4\/ea126."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0078-1","article-title":"A Critical Look at Energy Savings, Emissions Reductions, and Health Co-Benefits of the Green Building Movement","volume":"29","author":"Scofield","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 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