{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:23:38Z","timestamp":1773933818043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study analyzes urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a hospital in Central Portugal over a five-year period, focusing on bacterial prevalence, patient demographics, and antibiotic resistance patterns. This investigation aims to provide insights that can guide improved infection control and treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 6161 positive urine cultures collected over five years were examined, with particular emphasis on 2019 due to a peak in infection rates. The analysis explored bacterial prevalence, demographic factors such as sex and clinical service origin, and antibiotic resistance. Special attention was given to hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing invasive procedures, due to their increased vulnerability to infection. Results: This study found that UTIs were more prevalent in female patients, reflecting anatomical susceptibilities. Hospitalized individuals, particularly those requiring invasive procedures, were at greater risk. The predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, with differences in prevalence by patient sex and service origin. Resistance to Imipenem in E. coli increased, raising concerns about last-resort treatments. However, resistance to other antibiotics declined, suggesting improvements due to recent stewardship measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall antibiotic consumption decreased due to changes in clinical practices. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of strict infection control, targeted prevention measures, and rational antibiotic use to combat resistance. Ongoing surveillance and personalized treatment approaches are essential to improve UTI management and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T06:43:04Z","timestamp":1736145784000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decoding Urinary Tract Infection Trends: A 5-Year Snapshot from Central Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Dr. Lopes Dias Higher Health School, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (Sprint), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9862-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Dr. Lopes Dias Higher Health School, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (Sprint), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Dr. Lopes Dias Higher Health School, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (Sprint), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7844-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Caseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"H&TRC\u2014Health & Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3226-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem","family":"Eideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis P144, Palestine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMUC\u2014Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC-UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBB\u2014Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6191-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Castelo","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.12.019","article-title":"International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report of health care associated infections, data summary of 45 countries for 2015 to 2020, adult and pediatric units, device-associated module","volume":"52","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. 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