{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T21:45:59Z","timestamp":1772487959752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011929","name":"Programa Operacional Tem\u00e1tico Factores de Competitividade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011929","name":"Programa Operacional Tem\u00e1tico Factores de Competitividade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29101\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29101\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EMS\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanoscale multilayers can be used as highly localized heat sources, making them attractive for several applications, in particular for joining and as igniters. Over the last decades, academia and industry have given particular emphasis to nanoscale multilayers from the Ni\u2013Al system. In this study, Al\/Ni (V) multilayer thin films with periods of nominally 25 and 50 nm (bilayer thickness) and near equiatomic average stoichiometry were produced by d.c. magnetron sputtering from Al (99.999% pure) and Ni (93 wt % Ni, 7 wt % V) targets (vanadium was added to the Ni target to make it non-magnetic). Deposition parameters such as the substrate rotation speed and substrate bias were varied in order to evaluate their effect on the reactivity of the multilayers. The influence of in situ ion bombardment of the multilayer thin films was also studied. Phase identification was carried out by X-ray diffraction, while the microstructure was analyzed in detail by transmission electron microscopy, distinguishing alternating layers throughout the entire thickness of the films. Although the films mainly consist of Al- and Ni-rich layers, the presence of the Al3Ni intermetallic phase was detected, except in the multilayers produced with the ion gun switched on during the deposition process. The ion bombardment, as well as the increase of the substrate bias, promote some microstructural disorder and thus affect the multilayers\u2019 reactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10080721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:14:06Z","timestamp":1595499246000},"page":"721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Deposition Parameters on the Reactivity of Al\/Ni Multilayer Thin Films"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8486-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Coimbra, CEMMPRE, R. Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Morgiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Coimbra, CEMMPRE, R. Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of reactive multilayer foils and films","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Barmak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallic Films for Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Applications\u2014Structure, Processing and Properties"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.09.042","article-title":"Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review","volume":"576","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1509840","article-title":"Effect of reactant and product melting on self-propagating reactions in multilayer foils","volume":"92","author":"Besnoin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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