{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:18:23Z","timestamp":1760231903503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projects LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]},{"name":"UIDB\/00511\/2020\u2014UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]},{"name":"Project SprayCork- Desenvolvimento de revestimentos de corti\u00e7a projetada","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]},{"name":"FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039981"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cork, the bark of Quercus suber L., in addition to presenting several notable physical-mechanical properties, possesses a distinctive look and feel that make it attractive for interior surfaces, such as in furniture, wall paneling, or flooring. This work envisaged the development of a coating based on cork granules, a subproduct from the wine stopper industry, capable of creating a smooth surface similar to natural cork. In order to avoid the high rugosity that characterizes surfaces coated with paints that incorporate cork granules, a new solution was developed, based on a foamed acrylic binder, applied by knife coating. The foam formulation was successfully optimized, using appropriate additives and resorting to mechanical agitation to promote the generation of air bubbles. The addition of cork granules did not hinder foam stability, and the final coating displayed the intended visual and sensory characteristics. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis was performed on the pristine acrylic foam and on the composite foam showed a stiffening effect associated with the presence of cork granules, and a thermal transition centered at around \u221210 \u00b0C, associated with the acrylic binder\u2019s glass transition. The surface has hardness slightly lower than cork, depending on the amount of particles incorporated. Pull-off testing consistently resulted in substrate failure, indicating that the coating\u2019s cohesion and adhesion are excellent. The developed coating showed to have the intended functionality while being easily applicable on flat panel surfaces. The fact that a foam is used as a binder system allows for a smooth and soft surface, having excellent opacity with minimal usage of cork.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12060732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T08:50:22Z","timestamp":1653555022000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formulation and Characterization of a Composite Coating Formulation Based on Acrylic Foam and Cork Granules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCP\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Rede de Compet\u00eancia em Pol\u00edmeros, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARCP\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Rede de Compet\u00eancia em Pol\u00edmeros, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2659-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana P.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorim Cork Composites, Rua Comendador Am\u00e9rico Ferreira Amorim, 260, 4535-186 Mozelos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2014Department of Wood Engineering, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa H.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2014Department of Wood Engineering, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fern\u00e3o D.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.10.3.Pereira","article-title":"The rationale behind cork properties: A review of structure and chemistry","volume":"10","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1179\/174328005X41168","article-title":"Cork: Properties, capabilities and applications","volume":"50","author":"Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Mater. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2009.05.039","article-title":"Cork agglomerates as an ideal core material in lightweight structures","volume":"31","author":"Castro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Design."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46663","DOI":"10.1002\/app.46663","article-title":"Blocked melamine\u2013urea\u2013formaldehyde resins and their usage in agglomerated cork panels","volume":"135","author":"Antunes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. App. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.03.048","article-title":"Use of cork powder and granules for the adsorption of pollutants: A review","volume":"46","author":"Pintor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.003","article-title":"The mechanical, transport and thermal properties of mortar and concrete containing waste cork","volume":"34","author":"Panesar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cement Concrete Comp."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"519","article-title":"Effect of surface treatment in cork reinforced composites","volume":"17","author":"Baklouti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, H., Silva, S.P., Carvalho, J.P., and Machado, J. (2021). The influence of cork and manufacturing parameters on the properties of cork\u2013rubber composites for vibration isolation applications. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132011240"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-016-1076-4","article-title":"Cork as a building material: A review","volume":"74","author":"Knapic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wood Pro."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2020.102632","article-title":"Effects of resin content on mechanical properties of cork-based panels bound with melamine-urea-formaldehyde and polyurethane binders","volume":"101","author":"Antunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Vico, J.R. (2015). Sprayable, Thermal and Acoustic Insulating Surfacing. (2015\/0076387A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Brock, T., Groteklaes, M., and Mischke, P. (2000). European Coatings Handbook, Vincentz Network. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2022, April 09). Textile Today\u2014An Overview of Polyurethane. Available online: https:\/\/www.textiletoday.com.bd\/an-overview-of-polyurethane\/."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2008.01.015","article-title":"Effect of processing parameters on foam formation using a continuous system with a mechanical whipper","volume":"88","author":"Indrawati","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36288","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA04971G","article-title":"A novel porous adhesion material with ink absorbency for digital inkjet printing","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-017-1158-y","article-title":"Dynamic mechanical analysis and creep-recovery behavior of agglomerated cork","volume":"76","author":"Paiva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2006.07.004","article-title":"Suberin: A promising renewable resource for novel macromolecular materials","volume":"31","author":"Gandini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."}],"container-title":["Coatings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/12\/6\/732\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:19:03Z","timestamp":1760138343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/12\/6\/732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["coatings12060732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/coatings12060732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6412"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6412"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]}}}