{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:31:23Z","timestamp":1773171083219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0029\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0029\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the program Centro 2020\u2014Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the program Centro 2020\u2014Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the program Centro 2020\u2014Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the program Centro 2020\u2014Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","award":["LA\/P\/0029\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0029\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the program Centro 2020\u2014Programa Operacional Regional do Centro","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been adapted as biological threats have emerged, such as increasingly drug-resistant bacteria and the emergence of new viruses such as COVID-19. PPE must be increasingly resilient to prevent the proliferation of pathogens, but using sustainable raw materials and environmentally friendly technologies. The aim of this study is to show a new way of modifying the surface of various types of fabrics to enable their efficient use as PPE. The Ag\/DLC coating was successfully deposited by sputtering onto several types of textiles using different chemical compositions of Ag\/DLC (0, 8, 10, and 12Ag). As a crucial parameter, wettability was evaluated, showing that silver addition increases the hydrophobicity character of the coated fabrics, namely in cotton, changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated on all coatings, revealing that they are efficient in eliminating the spread of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and pose no risk to the human body. The results presented here are promising in protecting healthcare workers, with the next steps being to study the efficiency of these coatings against viruses. In addition, this study reveals an opportunity to use sustainable fabrics, such as cotton, with high efficiency in protection against pathogens, instead of synthetic fiber textiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12101399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T21:14:28Z","timestamp":1664140468000},"page":"1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Physical Vapor Deposition Technology in Personal Protective Equipment Production: Improved Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Character of Textiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biofilmes Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2013Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Wear, Testing & Materials, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-4758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Wear, Testing & Materials, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9475-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra M. A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Wear, Testing & Materials, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800516","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516","article-title":"Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: Results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017","volume":"23","author":"Suetens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30605-4","article-title":"Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: A population-level modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7286735","DOI":"10.34133\/2020\/7286735","article-title":"Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives","volume":"2020","author":"Chua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12313","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05537","article-title":"Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Karim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Dowd, K., Nair, K.M., Forouzandeh, P., Mathew, S., Grant, J., Moran, R., Bartlett, J., Bird, J., and Pillai, S.C. 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