{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:40Z","timestamp":1760149360814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDP\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/50020\/2020","UIDP\/50020\/2020","PTDC\/CTMCOM\/4844\/2020","CEECINST\/00049\/2018","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054","952471"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Graphene and its functionalized derivatives have been increasingly applied in the biomedical field, particularly in the production of antimicrobial and anti-adhesive surfaces. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of graphene oxide (GO)\/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. GO\/PDMS composites containing different GO loadings (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized regarding their morphology, roughness, and hydrophobicity, and tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation under conditions that mimic urinary tract environments. Biofilm formation was assessed by determining the number of total and culturable cells. Additionally, the antibacterial mechanisms of action of GO were investigated for the tested uropathogens. Results indicated that the surfaces containing GO had greater roughness and increased hydrophobicity than PDMS. Biofilm analysis showed that the 1 wt.% GO\/PDMS composite was the most effective in reducing S. aureus biofilm formation. In opposition, P. aeruginosa biofilms were not inhibited by any of the synthesized composites. Furthermore, 1% (w\/v) GO increased the membrane permeability, metabolic activity, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in S. aureus. Altogether, these results suggest that GO\/PDMS composites are promising materials for application in urinary catheters, although further investigation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13081324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T07:35:24Z","timestamp":1690529724000},"page":"1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Belo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3148-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Sousa-Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Teixeira-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelmer","family":"Sjollema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ol\u00edvia S. G. P.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM\u2014Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe J.","family":"Mergulh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.06.001","article-title":"A Decade of Graphene Research: Production, Applications and Outlook","volume":"17","author":"Randviir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. 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