{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T18:05:31Z","timestamp":1762625131632,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"COMPETE 2020 Program and National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LIS-BOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985","LA\/P\/0037\/2020","UIDP\/50025\/2020","UIDB\/50025\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148233\/2019","UI\/BD\/151287\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIS-BOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985","LA\/P\/0037\/2020","UIDP\/50025\/2020","UIDB\/50025\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148233\/2019","UI\/BD\/151287\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the PhD","award":["LIS-BOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985","LA\/P\/0037\/2020","UIDP\/50025\/2020","UIDB\/50025\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148233\/2019","UI\/BD\/151287\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIS-BOA-01-0247-FEDER-039985\/POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039985","LA\/P\/0037\/2020","UIDP\/50025\/2020","UIDB\/50025\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148233\/2019","UI\/BD\/151287\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone replacement is one of the major medical procedures in the oral surgery field due to the progressive ageing population and to illness or trauma in younger age groups. The use of implants without biological activity and effective osseointegration increases the chances of implant failure. This work aims to improve the interaction between implants and bone by using Bioglass 45S5 (BG)\/hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixtures, including copper-, zinc-, and cerium-doped BG, as well as co-doping by the mentioned metals, as coatings produced by the CoBlastTM technique. All coatings present a uniform coverage of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Furthermore, in vitro testing using human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells indicated that BG\/HAp coatings have no cytotoxic effect, and the used of doping agents did not alter cell adhesion, proliferation, or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression when compared to undoped coating. These results demonstrate that BG\/HAp by CoBlastTM can be a solution to improve implants\u2019 osseointegration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13101775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T05:43:49Z","timestamp":1697435029000},"page":"1775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vitro Characterization of Doped Bioglass 45S5\/HAp Coatings Obtained by CoBlastTM Deposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"P\u00e1dua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6216-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Rodrigues","family":"Gavinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-2221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imen","family":"Hammami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Carvalho","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Pedro Fernandes","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2013.03.039","article-title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited Using Both Thermal and Non-Thermal Techniques","volume":"226","author":"Barry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surf. Coatings Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, H., Liu, H., Zhou, N., Li, Q., Yang, G., Chen, L., and Mou, Y. (2020). Surface Modified Techniques and Emerging Functional Coating of Dental Implants. Coatings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10111012"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2019.09.002","article-title":"Bioactive Glass Coatings on Metallic Implants for Biomedical Applications","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12254","article-title":"Research on Implants and Osseointegration","volume":"79","author":"Guglielmotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Liu, S., and Wang, L. (2019). Surface Modification of Biomedical Titanium Alloy: Micromorphology, Microstructure Evolution and Biomedical Applications. Coatings, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings9040249"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Zhou, P., Liu, S., Attarilar, S., Ma, R.L.W., Zhong, Y., and Wang, L. (2020). Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10061244"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.06.025","article-title":"Surface Treatments of Titanium Dental Implants for Rapid Osseointegration","volume":"23","author":"Soueidan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber, R., and Bosshardt, D.D. (2015). Dental Implantology and Implants\u2014Tissue Interface, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397157-9.00078-3"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-020-01437-5","article-title":"Surface Roughness of Dental Implant and Osseointegration","volume":"20","author":"Matos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36652","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b10992","article-title":"Combinatorial Surface Roughness Effects on Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2017.0048","article-title":"Roughness and Hydrophilicity as Osteogenic Biomimetic Surface Properties","volume":"23","author":"Boyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12025","article-title":"Guided Gingival Fibroblast Attachment to Titanium Surfaces: An in Vitro Study","volume":"40","author":"Kearns","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehghanghadikolaei, A., and Fotovvati, B. (2019). Coating Techniques for Functional Enhancement of Metal Implants for Bone Replacement: A Review. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12111795"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prezas, P.R., Soares, M.J., Borges, J.P., Silva, J.C., Oliveira, F.J., and Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F. (2023). Bioactivity Enhancement of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings through Non-Contact Corona Electrical Charging. Nanomaterials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13061058"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2015.11.003","article-title":"Effect of Grit-Blasting Air Pressure on Adhesion Strength of Resin to Titanium","volume":"65","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.09.008","article-title":"Laser Processing of Bioactive Tricalcium Phosphate Coating on Titanium for Load-Bearing Implants","volume":"4","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328213480534","article-title":"Co-Blasting of Titanium Surfaces with an Abrasive and Hydroxyapatite to Produce Bioactive Coatings: Substrate and Coating Characterisation","volume":"28","author":"Dunne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.07.008","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Bioactivity of CoBlast Hydroxyapatite Coating and the Effect of Impaction on Its Osteoconductivity","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2023, September 06). CoBlast-ENBIO. Available online: https:\/\/www.enbio.eu\/coblast\/."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.02.044","article-title":"Effect of a Blast Coating Process on the Macro- and Microstructure of Grade 5 Titanium Foam","volume":"147","author":"Dunne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2020.126764","article-title":"In-Vitro Cell Interaction and Apatite Forming Ability in Simulated Body Fluid of ICIE16 and 13\u201393 Bioactive Glass Coatings Deposited by an Emerging Suspension High Velocity Oxy Fuel (SHVOF) Thermal Spray","volume":"407","author":"Bano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Coatings Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/ijag.12252","article-title":"Bioglass and Bioactive Glasses and Their Impact on Healthcare","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Glas. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.07.019","article-title":"Reprint of: Review of Bioactive Glass: From Hench to Hybrids","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafar, M.S., Farooq, I., Awais, M., Najeeb, S., Khurshid, Z., and Zohaib, S. (2019). Bioactive Surface Coatings for Enhancing Osseointegration of Dental Implants, Elsevier Ltd.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102196-5.00011-2"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-006-0432-z","article-title":"The Story of Bioglass\u00ae","volume":"17","author":"Hench","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Gavinho, S.R., Prezas, P.R., and Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F. (2017). Electrical Measurements: Introduction, Concepts and Applications, Nova Science Publisher."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110598","article-title":"Impact of Copper on In-Vitro Biomineralization, Drug Release Efficacy and Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Glasses","volume":"109","author":"Chitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Petkov, P., Achour, M.E., and Popov, C. (2020). NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, Springer."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00414","article-title":"Cerium Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Zambon","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.137973","article-title":"Status of Trace Elements in Saliva of Oral Precancer and Oral Cancer Patients","volume":"11","author":"Shetty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chojnacka, K., and Saeid, A. (2018). Recent Advances in Trace Elements, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119133780"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18179","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA02149D","article-title":"Copper as an Antimicrobial Agent: Recent Advances","volume":"11","author":"Salah","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baino, F. (2020). Copper-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Bioactive Glass: A Promising Multifunctional Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7020045"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, K., Torre, E., Bari, A., Taccardi, N., Cassinelli, C., Morra, M., Fiorilli, S., Vitale-Brovarone, C., Iviglia, G., and Boccaccini, A.R. (2020). Antioxidant Mesoporous Ce-Doped Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles with Anti-Inflammatory and pro-Osteogenic Activities. Mater. Today Bio, 5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2020.100041"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malavasi, G., Salvatori, R., Zambon, A., Lusvardi, G., Rigamonti, L., Chiarini, L., and Anesi, A. (2019). Cytocompatibility of Potential Bioactive Cerium-Doped Glasses Based on 45S5. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12040594"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.156487","article-title":"Structure-Dependence of Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Activity on ZnO-Containing Bioglass","volume":"848","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2019.10.002","article-title":"Multifunctional Zinc Ion Doped Sol\u2014Gel Derived Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21079","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA02781J","article-title":"Coatings of Hydroxyapatite-Bioactive Glass Microparticles for Adhesion to Biological Tissues","volume":"12","author":"Palierse","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.124616","article-title":"Preparation and Biological Assessment of a ZrO2-Based Bone Scaffold Coated with Hydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass Composite","volume":"267","author":"Bian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ielo, I., Calabrese, G., De Luca, G., and Conoci, S. (2022). Recent Advances in Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration in Orthopedics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179721"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavinho, S.R., Bozdag, M., Kalkandelen, C., Regadas, J.S., Jakka, S.K., Gunduz, O., Oktar, F.N., and Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F. (2023). An Eco-Friendly Process to Extract Hydroxyapatite from Sheep Bones for Regenerative Medicine: Structural, Morphologic and Electrical Studies. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14050279"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, W., Yang, L., Ullah, I., Yu, K., Zhao, Z., Gao, X., Liu, T., Liu, M., Li, P., and Wang, J. (2022). Biomimetic Porous Scaffolds Containing Decellularized Small Intestinal Submucosa and Sr2+\/Fe3+co-Doped Hydroxyapatite Accelerate Angiogenesis\/Osteogenesis for Bone Regeneration. Biomed. Mater., 17.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac4b45"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.02.041","article-title":"Bioactive Glass\/Hydroxyapatite Composites: Mechanical Properties and Biological Evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Bellucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavinho, S.R., P\u00e1dua, A.S., S\u00e1-Nogueira, I., Silva, J.C., Borges, J.P., Costa, L.C., and Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F. (2023). Fabrication, Structural and Biological Characterization of Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses and Their Use in Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16030956"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammami, I., Gavinho, S.R., Jakka, S.K., Valente, M.A., Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F., P\u00e1dua, A.S., Silva, J.C., S\u00e1-Nogueira, I., and Borges, J.P. (2023). Antibacterial Biomaterial Based on Bioglass Modified with Copper for Implants Coating. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14070369"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavinho, R., Miguel, B., Melo, G., Silva, J.C., Pedro, M., and Gra\u00e7a, F. (2023). Thermal, Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characterization of Cerium-Containing 45S5 for Metal Implant Coatings. Coatings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13020294"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavinho, S.R., P\u00e1dua, A.S., S\u00e1-Nogueira, I., Silva, J.C., Borges, J.P., Costa, L.C., and Gra\u00e7a, M.P.F. (2022). Biocompatibility, Bioactivity, and Antibacterial Behaviour of Cerium-Containing Bioglass\u00ae. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12244479"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, I.J.G., P\u00e1dua, A.S., Pires, E.A., Borges, J.P.M.R., Silva, J.C., and Lan\u00e7a, M.C. (2023). Hydroxyapatite-Barium Titanate Biocoatings Using Room Temperature Coblasting. Crystals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13040579"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2018.1486713","article-title":"Use of a Blast Coating Process to Promote Adhesion between Aluminium Surfaces for the Automotive Industry","volume":"96","author":"Flanagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings1010053","article-title":"A Modified Surface on Titanium Deposited by a Blasting Process","volume":"1","author":"Byrne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110492","article-title":"Cell Adhesion Evaluation of Laser-Sintered HAp and 45S5 Bioactive Glass Coatings on Micro-Textured Zirconia Surfaces Using MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast-like Cells","volume":"109","author":"Detsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, J.J., Mandakhbayar, N., Kang, M.S., Yoon, J., Lee, N.-H., Ahn, J., Lee, H.-H., Lee, J., and Kim, H.-W. (2021). Antibacterial, Proangiogenic, and Osteopromotive Nanoglass Paste Coordinates Regenerative Process Following Bacterial Infection in Hard Tissue. Biomaterials, 268.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120593"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.08.003","article-title":"Studies on Effect of CuO Addition on Mechanical Properties and in Vitro Cytocompatibility in 1393 Bioactive Glass Scaffold","volume":"93","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24484","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b06521","article-title":"Binary Doping of Strontium and Copper Enhancing Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Bioactive Glass Nanofibers While Suppressing Osteoclast Activity","volume":"9","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/ijag.14510","article-title":"Novel Antibacterial Cu\/Mg-substituted 58S-bioglass: Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of in Vitro Bioactivity","volume":"11","author":"Moghanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Glas. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavares, F.J.T.M., Soares, P.I.P., Silva, J.C., and Borges, J.P. (2023). Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Magnetic CS\/PVA\/HA\/PSPIONs Scaffolds for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Bone Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021128"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020310","article-title":"Characterization of a Human Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma Cell Line (SAOS-2) with High Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Activity","volume":"2","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56484-x","article-title":"Increase in Bone Metabolic Markers and Circulating Osteoblast-Lineage Cells after Orthognathic Surgery","volume":"9","author":"Abe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111839","article-title":"Bioactive Zinc-Doped Sol-Gel Coating Modulates Protein Adsorption Patterns and in Vitro Cell Responses","volume":"121","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.06.029","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Hierarchically Macroporous and Mesoporous CaO\u2013MO\u2013SiO2\u2013P2O5 (M = Mg, Zn, Sr) Bioactive Glass Scaffolds","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.09.066","article-title":"Copper-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Scaffolds with Multifunctional Properties of Angiogenesis Capacity, Osteostimulation and Antibacterial Activity","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB00683K","article-title":"Accelerated Host Angiogenesis and Immune Responses by Ion Release from Mesoporous Bioactive Glass","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"529","article-title":"Colonization of Various Natural Substrates by Osteoblasts in Vitro","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scan. Electron Microsc."}],"container-title":["Coatings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/13\/10\/1775\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:07:31Z","timestamp":1760130451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/13\/10\/1775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["coatings13101775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/coatings13101775","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6412"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6412"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]}}}