{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:34:42Z","timestamp":1775871282027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, known as the Bekker program","award":["PN\/BEK\/2018\/1\/00213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN\/BEK\/2018\/1\/00213"]}]},{"name":"Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, known as the Bekker program","award":["FCT-UIDB\/04028\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT-UIDB\/04028\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CERENA","award":["PN\/BEK\/2018\/1\/00213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN\/BEK\/2018\/1\/00213"]}]},{"name":"CERENA","award":["FCT-UIDB\/04028\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT-UIDB\/04028\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are the most interesting composite materials of the past decade. They possess the properties of both polymer composites and metallic alloys. However, there is a problem with corrosion when the outer layers are made of aluminium or magnesium. The electrochemical changes that occur during the corrosion process and the mechanisms associated with the corrosion phenomenon are still being investigated. Recently, self-healing phenomena have emerged as a useful approach to prevent corrosion. However, there is limited research on the combination of FMLs and self-healing layers. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to evaluate the self-healing ability of a magnesium\/PEO layer based on microcapsules in a corrosion environment. It was observed that the corrosion mechanism in magnesium alloys is very complex. However, the use of a barrier layer with PEO treatment and microcapsules yielded positive anti-corrosion results. The FML samples were subjected to a 6-week corrosion test, and the addition of microcapsules to the layers showed positive results. In contrast, the samples without microcapsules exhibited intergranular corrosion. In the future, comprehensive tests using self-healing microcapsules in FMLs could greatly enhance their anti-corrosion properties and improve the integrity of the structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings14060653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effect of Self-Healing Microcapsules in Corrosion Testing on Magnesium AZ31 Alloy and Fibre Metal Laminates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Ostapiuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Bienia\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3521-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica V.","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, T.L. (2005). Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420058215"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(1999). Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurements (Standard No. ASTM G102-89(1999))."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2019). Standard Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing (Standard No. ASTM G3-14(2019))."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-58782008000300006","article-title":"Hygrothermal effects evaluation using the iosipescu shear test for Glare laminates","volume":"30","author":"Botelho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2015.07.003","article-title":"Research of growth mechanism of ceramic coatings fabricated by micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloys at high current mode","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloys"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2022). Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres. Salt Spray Tests (Standard No. EN ISO 9227:2022)."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2006.06.006","article-title":"Effect of the interface stiffness and skin-core adhesion efficiency on the interfacial stress distribution of sandwich structures","volume":"38","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Part A"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.113042","article-title":"Interlaminar shear strength study of Mg and carbon fibre-based hybrid laminates with self-healing microcapsules","volume":"255","author":"Ostapiuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Struct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2013.02.015","article-title":"Fracture behavior of a self-healing, toughened epoxy adhesive","volume":"44","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.02.011","article-title":"Fracture and fatigue response of a self- healing epoxy adhesive","volume":"52","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-835X(03)00138-6","article-title":"Self-healing structural composite materials","volume":"34","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.07.087","article-title":"Corrosion protection of AA2024 by sol\u2013gel coatings modified with MBT-loaded polyurea microcapsules","volume":"283","author":"Maia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.12.073","article-title":"Effect of electrodeposition modes on surface characteristics and corrosion properties of fluorine-doped hydroxyapatite coatings on Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Ca alloy","volume":"257","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/21870764.2020.1847424","article-title":"Corrosion resistance of PEO and primer coatings on magnesium alloy","volume":"9","author":"Ostapiuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Asian Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001030","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202001030","article-title":"Corrosion Resistance in NaCl Environment of Fibre Metal Laminates based on Aluminum and Titanium Alloys with Carbon and Glass Fibres","volume":"23","author":"Ostapiuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mat."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/35057232","article-title":"Autonomic healing of polymer composites","volume":"409","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.11.131","article-title":"Effect of surface treatment on the corrosion properties of magnesium-based fibre metal laminate","volume":"396","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Coatings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/14\/6\/653\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:46:05Z","timestamp":1760107565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/14\/6\/653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["coatings14060653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/coatings14060653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}