{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T17:16:05Z","timestamp":1768324565683,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the University of Antwerp"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This perspective article describes the past, present, and future directions on TiO2 photocatalysis, 3D concrete printing, and recycling for developing innovative building envelope components from fa\u00e7ade skins. Using a methodology consisting of three phases, first the historical evolution of TiO2 photocatalysis, 3D concrete printing, and recycling policies was investigated. Second, the rationale and positioning with regard to the state of the art were developed. Third, the cementitious mix design assessment for 3D printing of the building envelope components, evaluation of the photocatalytic activity, evaluation of the self-cleaning and air-purifying properties, and environmental and health assessment of the building envelope components were identified and discussed as major issues in developing innovative building envelope components that have the potential to mitigate urban air pollution, reduce building maintenance activities, and reduce building embedded carbon while, for example, recycling significant amounts of construction and demolition waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings14091228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1727082907000},"page":"1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low-Carbon Embodied, Self-Cleaning, and Air-Purifying Building Envelope Components Using TiO2 Photocatalysis, 3D Printing, and Recycling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7458-1667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00edbal","family":"Maury-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture Department, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Mutsaardstraat 29, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Rinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture Department, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Mutsaardstraat 29, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maury-Ram\u00edrez, A., and De Belie, N. 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