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Their versatility stems from their varying composition, facilitated by different deposition techniques, which affect their properties. However, environmental impact is often overlooked in coating design. The objective of this paper is to assess the resource efficiency of four different common deposition techniques, thus identifying critical factors for sustainable DLC deposition. The coatings were deposited in one single chamber, enabling a direct comparison of the resource consumption of each technology. Expenditure of electric energy and consumables per volumetric output accounted for the environmental impact of manufacturing the coatings, which was evaluated across the indicators of damage to human health, damage to ecosystems, and resource scarcity. Electric energy use, dictated by deposition rate, was demonstrated to be the most significant factor contributing to the environmental impact. The environmental impact of PECVD and \u03bcW-PECVD was comparable and remarkably lower than that of dcMS and HiPIMS, the latter being the least energy efficient process, with the lowest output rate but highest energy expenditure. Thus, \u03bcW-PECVD could be considered the \u2018greenest\u2019 production method. These findings are consequential for coaters to efficiently produce good-quality DLCs with low environmental impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings15020218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T03:41:57Z","timestamp":1739331717000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Environmental Impact of Physical Vapour Deposition and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition Technologies for Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Green Tribology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6586-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Ihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guizhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albano","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ardian","family":"Morina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0935-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuquan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2014.01.031","article-title":"History of diamond-like carbon films\u2014From first experiments to worldwide applications","volume":"242","author":"Bewilogua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surf. 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