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Fund","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["RPMA.01.01.00-14-8276\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPMA.01.01.00-14-8276\/17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study determined the feasibility of using zinc oxide nanoparticles of various origins as an active compound for biopolymer packaging films. The study focused on the effects of green synthesis using passion fruit or tomato extracts and commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of pectin films, including thickness, microstructure, water content, optical properties, water vapour permeability, water contact angle, sorption properties, and thermal stability. Zinc oxide nanoparticles resulted in lower lightness, higher absorbance, especially in the UV light range, and increased transparency, from 1.55 to 2.18 a.u.\/mm. Films containing zinc oxide nanoparticles showed reduced water vapour adsorption but increased water vapour permeability, from 6.35 to 12.07 \u00d7 10\u221210 g\/m\u00b7s\u00b7Pa. The initial water contact angles were in a similar range, from 57.3\u00b0 to 59.2\u00b0, but a decrease in contact angle values was observed over 60 s. All films containing nanoparticles exhibited better thermal stability, particularly during the third stage of degradation above 200 \u00b0C. Developed composite active films, prepared from apple pectin and zinc oxide nanoparticles of different origins, showed their potential for practical use as UV-VIS light barrier packaging films or protective coatings for food applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings15091024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1756818073000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustainable Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Active Compounds for Pectin Packaging Films"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Galus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Przybyszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1ssia H.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, CubicB, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8136-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, CubicB, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Gomes Lauriano","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, CubicB, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga s\/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9679-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"EST Set\u00fabal, CDP2T, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus IPS, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Coelhoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, CubicB, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24122","article-title":"Emerging trends in biomaterials for sustainable food packaging: A comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Mahmud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2025.04.002","article-title":"Nanostructured materials for smart food packaging: Integrating preservation and antimicrobial properties","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alex. 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