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The modulation ratio (thickness ratio of Mo2N to Ag-SiNx) was fixed at 2:1, while the modulation periods (thickness of Mo2N and its adjacent Ag-SiNx layer) were set at 20, 40, and 60 nm. The results indicated that all multilayer films, regardless of modulation period, exhibited a combination of face-centered cubic (fcc) and amorphous phases. Specifically, fcc-Mo2N was detected in the Mo2N layers, while fcc-Ag and amorphous SiNx co-existed in the Ag-SiNx layers. The multilayered architecture induced residual stress and interface strengthening, resulting in hardness values exceeding 21 GPa for all films. Compared to Mo2N and Ag-SiNx monolayer films, the multilayer structure significantly enhanced tribological properties at room temperature, particularly in terms of wear resistance. The Mo2N\/Ag-SiNx multilayer films exhibit ~25% lower friction than Ag-SiNx, ~3% lower than Mo2N, and achieve remarkable wear rate reductions of ~71% and ~85% compared to Ag-SiNx and Mo2N, respectively, demonstrating superior tribological performance. The synergistic effects of both modulation layers and relative high hardness were key factors contributing to the enhanced tribological behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings15091080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T09:43:41Z","timestamp":1757929421000},"page":"1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Mo2N\/Ag-SiNx Nanomultilayers with Varying Modulation Periods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Mengxi Road 2, Zhenjiang 212003, China"},{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Mengxi Road 2, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0030-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songtao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Mengxi Road 2, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-4758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Research & Development in Mechanical Engineering, ISEP-Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Changpan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COOEC-Fluor Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pinggang Road, Gaolan Port Economic Zone, Jinwan District, Zhuhai 519000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albano","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Mengxi Road 2, Zhenjiang 212003, China"},{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"TINT\u2014Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/13504509.2019.1692316","article-title":"Achieving sustainable development goals: Predicaments and strategies","volume":"27","author":"Swain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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