{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T14:43:08Z","timestamp":1767883388511,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Coatings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peri-implant infections pose a significant challenge in dental implantology. This study aimed to develop and characterize a chitosan\u2013vancomycin coating for titanium surfaces, focusing on drug loading, release kinetics, antimicrobial performance, and cytocompatibility. Grade 4 titanium discs were coated with a chitosan film using the dip-coating technique and subsequently loaded with vancomycin through immersion in an aqueous solution. Coating morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Vancomycin loading was quantified by spectrophotometry, and release kinetics were monitored over 144 h (6-day). Antimicrobial activity was assessed through agar diffusion assays against Staphylococcus aureus. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), whose metabolic activity, adhesion, and morphology were assessed over a 19-day culture period by resazurin assay and SEM. SEM analysis revealed a uniformly distributed, smooth, and crack-free chitosan film, which remained stable after drug loading. The coating exhibited a biphasic release profile, characterized by an initial burst followed by sustained release over six days, which maintained antimicrobial activity, as confirmed by inhibition zones. hMSCs adhered and proliferated on the coated surfaces, displaying normal morphology despite a transient reduction in metabolic activity on vancomycin-containing films. These findings support the potential of chitosan\u2013vancomycin coatings as localized antimicrobial strategies for implant applications, warranting further in vivo and mechanical evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings16010075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:10:50Z","timestamp":1767867050000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan\u2013Vancomycin Coatings on Grade 4 Titanium Discs: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DDM, 4200-060 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-8703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Sampaio-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Figueiral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Margarida","family":"Sampaio-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Universidade do Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.1c00129","article-title":"Overview of Antibacterial Strategies of Dental Implant Materials for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioconjug. 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