{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:01:39Z","timestamp":1768690899519,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/ECI-EGC\/0288\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/ECI-EGC\/0288\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/ECI-EGC\/0288\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/ECI-EGC\/0288\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Construction Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research focuses on the utilization of recently investigated aluminosilicate industrial wastes as precursors to produce non-structural precast alkali-activated concrete pavement blocks. For this purpose, conventional blocks (200 mm \u00d7 100 mm \u00d7 80 mm) were produced using electric arc furnace slag and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes as the sole binders. Portland cement and fly ash blocks were produced as references. The blocks underwent a curing regimen comprising thermal, dry, and carbonation curing stages. Control uncarbonated specimens were subjected to dry curing instead of CO2-based curing to evaluate the influence of carbonation on the blocks\u2019 strength development. The specimens were subsequently examined following EN 1338, which is the European standard for assessing and ensuring the conformity of conventional concrete pavement blocks. The carbonated blocks revealed improved mechanical and physical properties in relation to the uncarbonated ones. All blocks met standard dimensions, showed minimal skid potential (most indicating extremely low potential for slip for reporting unpolished slip resistance values exceeding 75), and had enhanced abrasion resistance due to carbonation, showing 30% and 11% less volume loss due to abrasion for fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. Carbonated blocks performed better than non-carbonated ones, displaying lower water absorption (0.58% and 0.23% less water absorption for bottom ash and slag, respectively) and higher thermal conductivity (20%, 13%, and 8% increase in values for fly ash, slag, and bottom ash, respectively). These results confirm the effectiveness of the accelerated carbonation curing technique in improving the block\u2019s performance. Despite the promising outcomes, further optimization of the alkaline solution and carbonation curing conditions is recommended for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/constrmater4020020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T09:37:31Z","timestamp":1712828251000},"page":"353-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utilization of Aluminosilicate Industrial Wastes as Precursors in CO2-Cured Alkali-Activated Precast Concrete Pavement Blocks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3147-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghandy","family":"Lamaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7194-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dany","family":"Kassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8658-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio P. C.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Vasco","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mindess, S., Young, J.F., and Darwin, D. (2003). Concrete, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, Inc.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurdowski, W. (2014). 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