{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:28:09Z","timestamp":1770269289726,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/16169-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/16169-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305250\/2019-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305250\/2019-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/16169-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/16169-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305250\/2019-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305250\/2019-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/16169-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/16169-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305250\/2019-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305250\/2019-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Innovative prototype sunscreens with reduced ultraviolet (UV) filters are required to achieve safer, more effective, and more environmentally friendly formulations. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic antioxidant and potential candidate for multifunctional sunscreens. We used RA (0.1% w\/w) in combination with avobenzone (2.5% and 5.0% w\/w), a UVA filter, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (10.0% w\/w), a UVB filter, to evaluate in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) and critical wavelength, photostability, and the in vivo SPF. RA, in vitro, improved the SPF of F2 (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 10.0% w\/w + avobenzone 2.5% w\/w + RA 0.1% w\/w) and F3 (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 10.0% w\/w + avobenzone 5.0% w\/w + RA 0.1% w\/w), which also presented broad-spectrum profiles; however, no expressive effects were observed for the critical wavelength (nm). By the in vivo trial, RA showed an increment in the F3 SPF value and maintained the F2 effectiveness, even when avobenzone was at 2.5%. Nonetheless, no increase in photostability was observed. Our findings suggest that incorporating natural molecules with antioxidant activities into sunscreens could decrease the proportion of conventional UV filters in the final product, with the advantage of providing other functional properties. Further investigation of higher RA concentrations, even from other sources, and other UV filter combinations could reveal important data for the development of multifunctional sunscreens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:51:31Z","timestamp":1672894291000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Photoprotective Efficacy of the Association of Rosmarinic Acid 0.1% with Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate and Avobenzone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ma\u00edra","family":"de Oliveira Bispo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luc\u00eda","family":"Morocho-J\u00e1come","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cassiano Carlos","family":"Escudeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPclin, Integrated Research, Jundia\u00ed 13201-013, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Miliani","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudin\u00e9ia Aparecida Sales","family":"de Oliveira Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4950-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Val\u00e9ria Robles","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rolim","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-017-9681-y","article-title":"Study of Tensiometric Properties, Microbiological and Collagen Content in Nile Tilapia Skin Submitted to Different Sterilization Methods","volume":"19","author":"Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3793\/jaam.6.46","article-title":"Photoaging of the Skin","volume":"6","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anti-Aging Med."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"729","article-title":"In Vivo SPF from Multifunctional Sunscreen Systems Developed with Natural Compounds\u2014A Review","volume":"20","author":"Freire","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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