{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:21:30Z","timestamp":1772446890388,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALiCE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health and horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health and horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health and horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health and horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health and horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The excessive use of water and plastic packaging in the cosmetic industry imposes the need to develop sustainable alternatives. Moreover, agricultural by-products are reported in the literature to be rich in bioactive properties, namely high antioxidant capacity, suggesting their potential use in cosmetic formulations as substitutes for commercial additives. The aim of this work was the development of a sustainable formulation of solid shampoo, incorporating extracts from mango peel as antioxidants. The characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds and a strong antioxidant capacity. Six formulations of solid shampoo were produced by varying the quantity of the additives: tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene, used as positive controls, and mango peel (MP) extract. The antioxidant capacity assays demonstrated that the MP extract increased the antioxidant activity of the shampoos, in comparison to the positive controls and the stability tests revealed that the MP extract is a stable ingredient. Hence, it was concluded that the MP extract is a strong source of antioxidants with the potential to replace commercial antioxidants in cosmetics. Thus, it was possible to develop a value-added formulation of solid shampoo, eliminating the use of water and plastic for the packaging, and reusing waste from the food sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10050140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1696318109000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["On the Path to Sustainable Cosmetics: Development of a Value-Added Formulation of Solid Shampoo Incorporating Mango Peel Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3381-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.15406\/ijh.2020.04.00250","article-title":"The importance of water and conscious use of water","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Hydrological cycle and water resources in a changing world: A review","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geogr. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.07.051","article-title":"A critical review of the current water conservation practices in textile wet processing","volume":"198","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Programme, U.W.W.A. (2023). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2023: Partnerships and Cooperation for Water, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-012220-101319","article-title":"Freshwater Scarcity","volume":"46","author":"Gleick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cosmetics Europe (2023, July 23). Cosmetics and Personal Care Industry Overview. Available online: https:\/\/cosmeticseurope.eu\/cosmetics-industry\/."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2022.04.008","article-title":"Water sustainability: A waterless life cycle for cosmetic products","volume":"32","author":"Aguiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"200098","article-title":"Reusability and recyclability of plastic cosmetic packaging: A life cycle assessment","volume":"15","author":"Gatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl. Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120138","article-title":"(Micro)plastic crisis: Un-ignorable contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change","volume":"254","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinelli, P., Coltelli, M.B., Signori, F., Morganti, P., and Lazzeri, A. (2019). Cosmetic Packaging to Save the Environment: Future Perspectives. Cosmetics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics6020026"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahota, A. (2014). Sustainability: How the Cosmetics Industry Is Greening up, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/chemv.201400118"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.255","article-title":"A step forward on sustainability in the cosmetics industry: A review","volume":"225","author":"Bom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131315","article-title":"Valorization of kiwi agricultural waste and industry by-products by recovering bioactive compounds and applications as food additives: A circular economy model","volume":"370","author":"Chamorro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics2030259","article-title":"Relevance of Natural Phenolics from Grape and Derivative Products in the Formulation of Cosmetics","volume":"2","author":"Soto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tungmunnithum, D., Thongboonyou, A., Pholboon, A., and Yangsabai, A. (2018). Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An overview. Medicines, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5030093"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suleria, H.A., Barrow, C.J., and Dunshea, F.R. (2020). Screening and characterization of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity in different fruit peels. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091206"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129335","article-title":"Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of integrated mango waste biorefineries","volume":"325","author":"Manhongo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.03.046","article-title":"Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products and their valuable components: A review","volume":"183","author":"Jahurul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanjekar, K.J., Gokhale, S., and Rathod, V.K. (2022). Utilization of waste mango peels for extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants by ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent. Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2022.101074"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, X., Lai, T., Zhou, T., Li, Y., Li, X., and Zhang, H. (2018). In vitro antioxidant activities of phenols and oleanolic acid from mango peel and their cytotoxic effect on A549 cell line. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061395"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2020.104988","article-title":"Extraction of high value products from avocado waste biomass","volume":"165","author":"Granjo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, F., Gorissen, K., Delerue-Matos, C., and Grosso, C. (2022). Valorisation of Agro-Food By-Products for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds. Biol. Life Sci. Forum, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/Foods2022-13032"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.12.011","article-title":"Sequential extraction of phenolics and pectin from mango peel assisted by ultrasound","volume":"119","author":"Guandalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"24300","article-title":"Extraction of essential oil from orange peel using different methods and effect of solvents, time, temperature to maximize yield","volume":"9","author":"Seifu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528593","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/528593","article-title":"Changes of Peel Essential Oil Composition of Four Tunisian Citrus during Fruit Maturation","volume":"2012","author":"Bourgou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, K., Deng, W., Hu, W., Cao, S., Zhong, B., and Chun, J. (2019). Extraction of \u2018Gannanzao\u2019orange peel essential oil by response surface methodology and its effect on cancer cell proliferation and migration. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030499"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.12.007","article-title":"Effect of key operating parameters on phenols degradation during H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalytic treatment of simulated and actual olive mill wastewaters","volume":"73","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2022.103116","article-title":"From by-product to functional ingredient: Incorporation of avocado peel extract as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent","volume":"80","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6706","article-title":"Intra-laboratory validation of microplate methods for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity on polyphenolic extracts, and comparison with conventional spectrophotometric methods","volume":"95","author":"Arroqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.10","article-title":"Guidelines for antioxidant assays for food components","volume":"1","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Umbach, W. (1991). Cosmetics and Toiletries: Development, Production and Use, Ellis Horwood."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"301","article-title":"Formulation, evaluation and comparison of the herbal shampoo with the commercial shampoos","volume":"3","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/77.2.421","article-title":"Rapid, sensitive, iron-based spectrophotometric methods for determination of peroxide values of food lipids","volume":"77","author":"Shantha","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110414","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities from supercritical CO2 pre-extracted mango peel as valorization strategy","volume":"137","author":"Cifuentes","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro-Vargas, H.I., Ballesteros Vivas, D., Ortega Barbosa, J., Morantes Medina, S.J., Aristizabal Guti\u00e9rrez, F., and Parada-Alfonso, F. (2019). Bioactive phenolic compounds from the agroindustrial waste of Colombian mango cultivars \u2018Sugar Mango\u2019and \u2018Tommy Atkins\u2019\u2014An alternative for their use and valorization. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8020041"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2021.5872","article-title":"Analysis of Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) Leaf Tea Formula as a Functional Drink in Preventing Coronavirus Diseases and Degenerative Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Fitrasyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. (OAMJMS)"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.05.053","article-title":"Total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and functional properties of \u2018Tommy Atkins\u2019 mango peel and kernel as affected by drying methods","volume":"141","author":"Sogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, S.M., Gomes, S.M., and Santos, L. (2023). A Novel Approach in Skin Care: By-Product Extracts as Natural UV Filters and an Alternative to Synthetic Ones. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052037"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2006.06.003","article-title":"Extraction of hydrolysable tannins from Phyllanthus niruri Linn.: Effects of solvents and extraction methods","volume":"52","author":"Markom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-03732-7","article-title":"Extraction of bioactive compounds from mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Carabao) seed kernel with ethanol\u2013water binary solvent systems","volume":"56","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munteanu, I.G., and Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073380"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2017.10.006","article-title":"Pharmaceutical evaluation of different shampoo brands in local Saudi market","volume":"26","author":"AlQuadeib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.139078","article-title":"The shampoo pH can affect the hair: Myth or reality?","volume":"6","author":"Dias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Trichol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeda, K., Yamazaki, J., Okita, N., Shimotori, M., Igarashi, K., and Sano, T. (2018). Mechanism of Cuticle Hole Development in Human Hair Due to UV-Radiation Exposure. Cosmetics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics5020024"}],"container-title":["Cosmetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/10\/5\/140\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:04:33Z","timestamp":1760130273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/10\/5\/140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cosmetics10050140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics10050140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]}}}