{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:24:13Z","timestamp":1774031053752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Ltd.","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"]}]},{"name":"Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Ltd.","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia\u2014Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"]}]},{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia\u2014Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT project","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-027578"]}]},{"name":"FCT project","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing demand for effective hair care products has highlighted the necessity for rigorous claims substantiation methods, particularly for products that target specific hair types. This is essential because the effectiveness of a product can vary significantly based on the hair\u2019s condition and characteristics. A well-defined bleaching protocol is crucial for creating a standardized method to assess product efficacy, especially for products designed to repair damaged hair. The objective of this study was to create a practical bleaching protocol that mimics real-world consumer experiences, ensuring that hair samples exhibit sufficient damage for testing. This approach allows for a reliable assessment of how well various products can repair hair. The protocol serves as a framework for evaluating hair properties and the specific effects of each product on hair structure. Color, brightness, lightness, morphology, and topography were primarily used to understand the big differences in the hair fiber when treated with two repair benchmark products, K18\u00ae and Olaplex\u00ae, in relation to the Bleached hair. The devised bleaching protocol proved to be a fitting framework for assessing the properties of hair and the unique characteristics of each tested product within the hair fiber. This protocol offers valuable insights and tools for substantiating consumer claims, with morphological and mechanical methods serving as indispensable tools for recognizing and validating claims related to hair. The addition of K18\u00ae and Olaplex\u00ae demonstrated an increase in hair brightness (Y) and lightness (L* and a*) in relation to the Bleached samples, which were considered relevant characteristics for consumers. Olaplex\u00ae\u2019s water-based nature creates a visible inner sheet, effectively filling empty spaces and improving the disulfide linkage network. This enhancement was corroborated by the increased number of disulfide bonds and evident changes in the FTIR profile. In contrast, K18\u00ae, owing to the lipophilic nature of its constituents, resulted in the formation of an external layer above the fiber. The composition of each of the products had a discrete impact on the fiber distribution, which was an outcome relevant to the determination of spreadability by consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11050150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1724846050000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bleached Hair as Standard Template to Insight the Performance of Commercial Hair Repair Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3822-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra B.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6104-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (IFIMUP), Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4659-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (IFIMUP), Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar L.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.194","article-title":"Structural investigation on damaged hair keratin treated with \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated Michael acceptors used as repairing agents","volume":"167","author":"Boga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25148","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17567-3","article-title":"Biocosmetics: Technological advances and future outlook","volume":"30","author":"Goyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"471","article-title":"Hair mechanical properties depending on age and origin","volume":"74","author":"Benzarti","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12017","article-title":"Visual attention to and perception of undamaged and damaged versions of natural and colored female hair","volume":"12","author":"Fink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2009.3.3.212","article-title":"Association between hair mineral and age, BMI and nutrient intakes among Korean female adults","volume":"3","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-018-0278-6","article-title":"The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Almohanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-07853-0","article-title":"Untangling the Link between Gastroparesis, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Hair Loss","volume":"68","author":"Flanagan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1116\/1.1863992","article-title":"Nanotribological effects of hair care products and environment on human hair using atomic force microscopy","volume":"23","author":"LaTorre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Vac. Surf. Film."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12672","article-title":"Evaluation of the surface properties of hair with acoustic emission analysis","volume":"43","author":"McMullen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950230507","article-title":"Investigation of human hair fibers using lateral force microscopy","volume":"23","author":"McMullen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igarashi, K., and Maeda, K. (2018). Research on hair bleach that causes less hair damage and smells less pungent than ammonium hydroxide. Cosmetics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics5020039"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robbins, C.R., and Robbins, C.R. (2012). Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25611-0"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12133","article-title":"Compositional changes of human hair melanin resulting from bleach treatment investigated by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Kojima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02432122","article-title":"A discourse on human hair fibers and reflections on the conservation of drug molecules","volume":"108","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj.88.1","article-title":"The influence of hair bleach on the ultrastructure of human hair with special reference to hair damage","volume":"88","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.01.018","article-title":"The use of personal hair dye and its implications for human health","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, W., Guo, X., Xu, G., Zou, S., Wu, Y., Hu, C., Chang, K., and Wang, J. (2022). Improving the mechanical properties of damaged hair using low-molecular weight hyaluronate. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227701"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robbins, C.R., and Robbins, C.R. (2012). Bleaching and oxidation of human hair. Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25611-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2021.09.010","article-title":"Biotechnology of functional proteins and peptides for hair cosmetic formulations","volume":"40","author":"Tinoco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-7208(95)00021-7","article-title":"The characterisation of treated and dyed hair","volume":"29","author":"Guthrie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14148","article-title":"Prevention of chemically induced hair damage by means of treatment based on proteins and polysaccharides","volume":"21","author":"Camargo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.025","article-title":"Nanomaterials in hair care and treatment","volume":"142","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Tinoco, A.C.M. (2020). The Potential of Multifunctional Proteins and Peptides for Hair Protection and Coloring. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade do Minho]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neelima, T., Riyamol, K., and Harikumar, N. (2023). Science and Technology of Hair Fibers. Handbook of Biomass, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-6772-6_52-1"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12663","article-title":"Penetration of different molecular weight hydrolysed keratins into hair fibres and their effects on the physical properties of textured hair","volume":"43","author":"Malinauskyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.59.267","article-title":"Glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, repair the damaged hair","volume":"59","author":"Morita","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oleo Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.07.019","article-title":"Bioinspired peptides designed for hair perming and dyeing with potential for repair","volume":"168","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.153450","article-title":"Hair cosmetics: An overview","volume":"7","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Trichology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12495","article-title":"The physical and chemical disruption of human hair after bleaching\u2014Studies by transmission electron microscopy and redox proteomics","volume":"40","author":"Grosvenor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.139078","article-title":"The shampoo pH can affect the hair: Myth or reality?","volume":"6","author":"Dias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Trichology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barve, K., and Dighe, A. (2016). The Chemistry and Applications of Sustainable Natural Hair Products, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29419-3"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12409","article-title":"Gel network shampoo formulation and hair health benefits","volume":"39","author":"Marsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"281","article-title":"A review of cosmetic and personal care products: Halal perspective and detection of ingredient","volume":"21","author":"Hashim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00133-4","article-title":"Hair care and hair care products","volume":"19","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-014-9904-0","article-title":"The effect of hydration on the mechanical behaviour of hair","volume":"54","author":"Benzarti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-1463-3","article-title":"Thermal analysis of hair treated with oxidative hair dye under influence of conditioners agents","volume":"106","author":"Balogh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coderch, L., Alonso, C., Garc\u00eda, M.T., P\u00e9rez, L., and Mart\u00ed, M. (2023). Hair Lipid Structure: Effect of Surfactants. Cosmetics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10040107"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00687","article-title":"Effect of surface treatments on the nanomechanical properties of human hair","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2008.01.001","article-title":"Nanoscale characterization of human hair and hair conditioners","volume":"53","author":"Bhushan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650046","article-title":"Healthy hair: What is it?","volume":"12","author":"Sinclair","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, G.E. (2019). Known and unknown features of hair cuticle structure: A brief review. Cosmetics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics6020032"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702820933942","article-title":"Nanoscale molecular characterization of hair cuticle cells using integrated atomic force microscopy\u2014Infrared laser spectroscopy","volume":"74","author":"Fellows","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.276","article-title":"Human hair: A unique physicochemical composite","volume":"48","author":"Wolfram","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humphry, R., Wang, N., and Durkan, C. (2022). Site-specific variations in surface structure and Young\u2019s modulus of human hair surfaces at the nanometer scale as induced through bleach treatment. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 126.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.105001"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"155","article-title":"Normal cuticle-wear patterns in human hair","volume":"29","author":"Garcia","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s42649-021-00067-6","article-title":"Hair microscopy: An easy adjunct to diagnosis of systemic diseases in children","volume":"51","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, C., Medronho, B., Alves, L., and Rasteiro, M.G. (2023). On Hair Care Physicochemistry: From Structure and Degradation to Novel Biobased Conditioning Agents. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15030608"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-5776-y","article-title":"Hair from different ethnic groups vary in elemental composition and nitrogen and phosphorus mineralisation in soil","volume":"189","author":"Malepfane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.12.008","article-title":"Structure and mechanical behavior of human hair","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.10.010","article-title":"Nanomechanical responses of human hair","volume":"56","author":"Samanta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2007.01747.x","article-title":"Electron microscopic observations of human hair medulla","volume":"226","author":"Kiyohara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microscopy of hair part 1: A practical guide and manual for human hairs","volume":"6","author":"Deedrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.003","article-title":"Research techniques made simple: Cutaneous colorimetry: A reliable technique for objective skin color measurement","volume":"140","author":"Ly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.04.114","article-title":"Effect of ultrasound treatment on visual color, vitamin C, total phenols, and carotenoids content in Cape gooseberry juice","volume":"233","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2020). Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement (Standard No. ASTM D792\u221220)."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.052","article-title":"Peptide\u2013Protein interactions within human hair keratins","volume":"101","author":"Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2020). Textile Fibres\u2014Determination of Breaking Force and Elongation at Break of Individual Fibres (Standard No. ISO-5079-2020.(E))."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, C.E., Rockson, A., Ashrafi, A., McDonald, J.A., Bethea, T.N., Barrett, E.S., and Llanos, A.A. (2023). Beauty Beware: Associations between Perceptions of Harm and Safer Hair-Product-Purchasing Behaviors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Adults Affiliated with a University in the Northeast. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20237129"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1271","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1271","article-title":"Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-022-00326-4","article-title":"Effect of surfactant type on the dyeability and color resistance of semi-permanent basic hair dye","volume":"10","author":"Yun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fash. Text."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.201900421","article-title":"Click chemistry: Evolving on the fringe","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Pressly, E.D., and Hawker, C.J. (2024, July 24). Methods for Fixing Hair and Skin. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/e6\/92\/5f\/e237aaac6b0003\/US9095518.pdf."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20849","article-title":"Hair color measurement and variation","volume":"137","author":"Vaughn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murugan, D.B. (2010). A Study on Rural Customers\u2019 Perception\u2014A Case of Shampoo. SSRN Electron. J.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1613067"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12834","article-title":"Hair surface interactions against different chemical functional groups as a function of environment and hair condition","volume":"45","author":"Labarre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-4408.2008.00157.x","article-title":"Enhanced model for the diffusivity of a dye molecule into human hair fibre based on molecular modelling techniques","volume":"124","author":"Morel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Color. Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2019.09.019","article-title":"On the strength of hair across species","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13093","article-title":"Lipid distribution on ethnic hairs by Fourier transform infrared synchrotron spectroscopy","volume":"28","author":"Barba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.014","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the bleaching of melanin by alkaline hydrogen peroxide","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239509085140","article-title":"The use and misuse of FTIR spectroscopy in the determination of protein structure","volume":"30","author":"Jackson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12808","article-title":"New approach for hair keratin characterization: Use of the confocal Raman spectroscopy to assess the effect of thermal stress on human hair fibre","volume":"44","author":"Essendoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12842","article-title":"Ethnic hair: Thermoanalytical and spectroscopic differences","volume":"26","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200800344","article-title":"Non-Isothermal Kinetics of Hard \u03b1-Keratin Thermal Denaturation","volume":"9","author":"Istrate","year":"2009","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(99)00055-6","article-title":"Melting study of the \u03b1-form crystallites in human hair keratin by DSC","volume":"335","author":"Cao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-018-7095-0","article-title":"DSC measurements applied to hair studies","volume":"132","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12306","article-title":"DSC of human hair: A tool for claim support or incorrect data analysis?","volume":"38","author":"Popescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-0051-9","article-title":"Thermal analysis of caucasian human hair","volume":"79","author":"Monteiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e619","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.619","article-title":"The structure of people\u2019s hair","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.277","article-title":"Current research on ethnic hair","volume":"48","author":"Franbourg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927609090357","article-title":"A comparison of macroscopic and microscopic hair color measurements and a quantification of the relationship between hair color and thickness","volume":"15","author":"Vaughn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12313","article-title":"Physical and mechanical properties of T unisian women hair","volume":"38","author":"Sayahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51581","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA10461H","article-title":"Changing the shape of hair with keratin peptides","volume":"7","author":"Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650047","article-title":"Hair breakage in normal and weathered hair: Focus on the Black patient","volume":"12","author":"McMichael","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2005.12.009","article-title":"Nanotribological and nanomechanical characterization of human hair using a nanoscratch technique","volume":"106","author":"Wei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2009.05.005","article-title":"Water content of hair and nails","volume":"494","author":"Barba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Dawber, R. (1997). Hair follicle structure, keratinisation and the physical properties of hair. Diseases of the Hair and Scalp, Blackwell Science. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.25.232","article-title":"Study of the test method of reduction and recovery of disulfide bond in human hair","volume":"25","author":"Tanaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. Jpn."}],"container-title":["Cosmetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/11\/5\/150\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:44:29Z","timestamp":1760111069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/11\/5\/150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cosmetics11050150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics11050150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]}}}