{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:14:07Z","timestamp":1775888047544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["UID 04138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 04138"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["CEECINST\/00145\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00145\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["UI\/BD\/153624\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/153624\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["LISBOA2030-FEDER-00580400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA2030-FEDER-00580400"]}]},{"name":"Programa Regional Lisboa (Lisboa 2030)","award":["UID 04138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 04138"]}]},{"name":"Programa Regional Lisboa (Lisboa 2030)","award":["CEECINST\/00145\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00145\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Programa Regional Lisboa (Lisboa 2030)","award":["UI\/BD\/153624\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/153624\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Programa Regional Lisboa (Lisboa 2030)","award":["LISBOA2030-FEDER-00580400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA2030-FEDER-00580400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>3D printing (3DP) enables the development of highly customizable skincare solutions, offering precise control over formulation, structure, and aesthetic properties. Therefore, this study explores the impact of patches\u2019 microstructure on hydration efficacy using conventional and advanced chemical\/morphological confocal techniques. Moreover, it advances to the personalization of under-eye 3D-printed skincare patches and assesses consumer acceptability through emotional sensing, providing a comparative analysis against a non-3D-printed market option. The results indicate that increasing the patches\u2019 internal porosity enhances water retention in the stratum corneum (53.0 vs. 45.4% \u00b5m). Additionally, patches were personalized to address individual skin needs\/conditions (design and bioactive composition) and consumer preferences (color and fragrance). The affective analysis indicated a high level of consumer acceptance for the 3D-printed option, as evidenced by the higher valence (14.5 vs. 1.1 action units) and arousal (4.2 vs. 2.7 peaks\/minute) scores. These findings highlight the potential of 3DP for personalized skincare, demonstrating how structural modifications can modulate hydration. Furthermore, the biometric-preference digital approach employed offers unparalleled versatility, enabling rapid customization to meet the unique requirements of different skin types. By embracing this advancement, a new era of personalized skincare emerges, where cutting-edge science powers solutions for enhanced skin health and consumer satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics12040136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:39:59Z","timestamp":1750909199000},"page":"136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Digital Tools in Action: 3D Printing for Personalized Skincare in the Era of Beauty Tech"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Contreiras","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"PhD Trials, Avenida Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, n\u00b0 24 A, 1750-182 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Margarida","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Marto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.30525\/2500-946X\/2023-3-2","article-title":"Trends and Innovations in Cosmetic Marketing","volume":"8","author":"Ustymenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Econ. 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