{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:28:15Z","timestamp":1773786495571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation","award":["2018\/26069-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/26069-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation","award":["2021\/08152-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/08152-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["2018\/26069-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/26069-0"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["2021\/08152-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/08152-0"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing demand for sustainable and safer alternatives in the cosmetic industry has driven the search for multifunctional natural ingredients. Essential oils (EOs), known for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, are promising candidates with which to replace synthetic preservatives and antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the preservative and antioxidant potential of Lippia origanoides Kunth essential oil, in pure and encapsulated in \u03b2-cyclodextrin form, for cosmetic applications. The EO exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with low IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS assays, and demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Six cosmetic cream formulations were developed and tested for physicochemical and microbiological stability. Formulations with pure EO maintained high antioxidant performance and remained free of bacterial and fungal contamination over time, outperforming the commercial preservatives. In contrast, formulations with encapsulated EO exhibited delayed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, indicating gradual release. Overall, Lippia origanoides EO proved to be an effective natural alternative to synthetic preservatives and antioxidants. This approach aligns with the current trend of eco-friendly formulations, offering a sustainable solution by incorporating plant-derived bioactives into cosmetic products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics12040160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:51:33Z","timestamp":1753692693000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Antioxidant and Preservative Potential of Lippia origanoides Kunth Essential Oil in Pure and Encapsulated Forms for Cosmetic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6304-4161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Fernanda","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPROFAR\u2014Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14000-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9654-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4356-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanderley P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPROFAR\u2014Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14000-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01501.x","article-title":"Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: A review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy","volume":"60","author":"Lundov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3917","article-title":"Review of the safety of application of cosmetic products containing parabens","volume":"40","author":"Matwiejczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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